Team:Cambridge/Safety

Safety is of utmost importance during projects involving synthetic biology. Not only must the welfare of scientist and non-scientific staff within the department be considered, but also that of the wider community. It is therefore important that safety procedures are in place to minimise the risk of harm to both employees and the wider community.

This has been implemented in our lab in many ways. We took care that everyone in the team was fully aware of all the safety protocols by attending a presentation given by our lab safety officer, Barbara Landamore, and reading the Department's Code of Practice for working with genetically modified (GM) organisms before being granted GM worker status.

The Cambridge Biosafety Group

The biological safety officer for our department is Dr Ed Tanner. An interdepartmental team, the Biosafety Group has reviewed our project brief and has passed our nominations for all members of the team to be able to work with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosafety_level Biosafety level one] organisms in the Plant Sciences department, which is itself an approved containment level one facility. We have thus been cleared to work with bacteria that have been classified as being "unlikely to cause human disease". However, before carrying out any work with GM bacteria, the relevant risk assessment forms must be submitted to the Head of Group within the Department for approval.

General Practice

Containment

Genetically modified material must not be allowed to leave the laboratory. While the likelihood of the strains of bacteria with which we will be working surviving in the wild is low, the environmental impact of such an event could be severe, and thus every reasonable precaution must be taken to prevent such an occurrence.

Since we will only be working with biosafety level one organisms, our work can be carried out on open bench tops, but gloves and lab coats must be worn during experimentation in order to protect the worker and reduce the risk of contamination. Within the lab, 'wet' experimental work was restricted to the 'Wet Area' whereas write-ups and computer work took place solely in the 'Dry Area'. Coats, bags, laptops and other belongings were also restricted to the Dry Area. These areas were clearly segregated to ensure nothing that left the lab could have come into contact with biological material at any point, further confining the biological material. All items which have come into contact with bacteria must be autoclaved before disposal, and neither lab-coats nor gloves should leave the laboratory.

Waste Disposal

Disposing of equipment used for experimental purposes is a significant challenge, and detailed procedures are in place within the department in order to ensure the safe disposal of all equipment, or its recycling where possible. The chart below outlines our departmental waste disposal policy - it is currently up on our wall in the lab. [cam_waste_chart.jpg]

Autoclave

All reasonable measures must be taken to prevent the release of biological material from the department, and so all biological matter must be autoclaved before disposal.

fig 1.The Autoclave Room

fig 2. Barbara Landamore, demonstrating glassware ready for autoclaving

Glasses for autoclaving should be:

• Only partially filled: the solution will boil during autoclaving and hence expand
• Lidded (loosely) - gas must be able to escape (to prevent explosion)
• Labelled 'iGEM' so any problems can be reported back to us
• Left on the table to the right (see picture)
• Collected from the autoclaving room

Other equipment, e.g. petri dishes, should be bagged, labelled and placed in the yellow box to the right (see picture). If the items are sharp (and hence could penetrate the autoclave bags, presenting a hazard to autoclave technicians) then they should be placed in a secure closed container before being bagged.

Items which are unsuitably prepared for autoclaving (e.g. loose pipette tips in bags) wil be returned, and will not be autoclaved until they are prepared appropriately for the procedure.

Project-specific safety issues

Working with reflectin

Since the DNA we will be working with originate from an edible squid, there should be no toxicity or pathogenic issues associated with working with reflectin. Culturing E. coli to produce reflectin also shouldn't expand it's host range (as far as we are aware), and we have no intention of releasing the GM organisms into either the human body or the environment, either during the competition or in speculative applications. Consequently, our project has minimal biosafety issues. This is no accident; these considerations featured heavily in our brainstorming sessions, and we discarded many potential project ideas because of their potential biosafety implications. This is the kind of practice we would like to encourage more iGEM teams to take seriously when choosing a project, since after browsing through past iGEM projects, it seems like many of the ideas would not have passed our stringent biosafety checks! Check out some of our suggested guidelines here.

We have not yet begun to develop specific experimental plans, but when we do we will submit detailed risk assessments to the relevant authority before we commence our work. The associated safety issues will be discussed in the experiments section. Similarly, we haven't yet created any new BioBricks, but we will discuss the relevant biosafety considerations as soon as they arise.

Protocols

The safety issues associated with common protocols that we employ are/will be detailed in the protocols section. As with everything else on this wiki, it's still a work in progress!