Team:SJTU-BioX-Shanghai/Project

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Project: Condon Switch Controlling Protein Biosynthesis

Abstract

Fig.1 Protein Biosynthesis Controlling Elements

SJTU-BioX-Shanghai iGEM team is designing a set of Codon-Switches that regulate target protein biosynthesis (translation).

In our Rare-Codon Switch, the translation of the protein can be finely turned up/down with the control of rare tRNA amount, aaRS that charges the rare tRNA and rare codons.

Besides, our device can be made into switches that can be turned on/off without background noise in two ways. One is to use stop codon as the controlling element, the Stop-Codon Switch. The other is to use any codon but the original start codon to initiate translation, the Initial-Codon Switch.

Our design has expanded the regulating tools for synthetic biology and introduced brand-new methods for protein function analysis. See more about project applications, click here.

Background

Gene expression regulation focuses mainly on two levels, transcription level and translation level. The former is currently the mainstream. However, for transcription regulating tools such as lac operator and ara operator, protein biosynthesis cannot be finely tuned. Besides, background noise is nearly inevitable because of promoter leek.

Fig.2 Gene Expression Regulation Levels

Translational regulation exists widely in natural biological systems in various forms, including miRNA or siRNA directed gene silencing, mRNA degradation as well as riboswitch. Compared with transcriptional regulation, translational regulation is more direct and precise. Background noise can be eliminated under certain circumstances.

tRNA, a key element in translation, can act as a regulating tool. The abundance of tRNA is different in organisms. In natural biological systems, rare codons and the abundance of rare tRNA can regulate protein biosynthesis level. Based on this, we want to mimic and expand this phenomenon into devices that can regulate protein biosynthesis level with rare codons and rare tRNAs.

Introduction

Our project is divided into three sub-projects:Rare-Codon Switch, Stop-Codon Switch and Initial-Codon Switch.

Rare-Codon Switch

Usage: a device that turns up/down protein translation

controlling elements: rare codon, rare codon recognizer tRNAs and engineered corresponding aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (aaRS)

Stop-Codon Switch

Usage: a device that turns on/off protein translation

controlling elements: stop codon, stop codon recognizer tRNAs and engineered corresponding aaRS

Initial-Codon Switch

Usage: a device that turns on/off protein translation

controlling elements: modified tRNA^Metand engineered methyl aminoacyl tRNA synthetase (MetRS)

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+{{Template:11SJTU_Nav}}
+|width="690px"  style="padding:0 15px 15px 20px; vertical-align:top;"|
+__NOTOC__
+==Project: Condon Switch Controlling Protein Biosynthesis==
+===Abstract===
+[[File:11SJTU_Project_02.jpg|thumb|200px|''Fig.1'' Protein Biosynthesis Controlling Elements]]
+SJTU-BioX-Shanghai iGEM team is designing a set of Codon-Switches that regulate target protein biosynthesis (translation).
+In our [[Team:SJTU-BioX-Shanghai/Project/Subproject1|'''Rare-Codon Switch''']], the translation of the protein can be finely turned up/down with the control of  [[Team:SJTU-BioX-Shanghai/Project/Subproject1-1|rare tRNA amount]],  [[Team:SJTU-BioX-Shanghai/Project/Subproject1-2|aaRS that charges the rare tRNA]] and [[Team:SJTU-BioX-Shanghai/Project/Subproject1-3|rare codons]].
+Besides, our device can be made into switches that can be turned on/off without background noise in two ways. One is to use stop codon as the controlling element, the [[Team:SJTU-BioX-Shanghai/Project/Subproject2|'''Stop-Codon Switch''']]. The other is to use any codon but the original start codon to initiate translation, the [[Team:SJTU-BioX-Shanghai/Project/Subproject3|'''Initial-Codon Switch''']].
+Our design has expanded the regulating tools for synthetic biology and introduced brand-new methods for protein function analysis. See more about project applications, click [[Team:SJTU-BioX-Shanghai/Project/Application|'''here''']].
+===Background===
+Gene expression regulation focuses mainly on two levels, transcription level and translation level. The former is currently the mainstream. However, for transcription regulating tools such as lac operator and ara operator, protein biosynthesis cannot be finely tuned. Besides, background noise is nearly inevitable because of promoter leek.
+[[image:11SJTU_Project_01.jpg|frame|''Fig.2'' Gene Expression Regulation Levels]]
+Translational regulation exists widely in natural biological systems in various forms, including miRNA or siRNA directed gene silencing, mRNA degradation as well as riboswitch. Compared with transcriptional regulation, translational regulation is more direct and precise. Background noise can be eliminated under certain circumstances.
+tRNA, a key element in translation, can act as a regulating tool. The abundance of tRNA is different in organisms. In natural biological systems, rare codons and the abundance of rare tRNA can regulate protein biosynthesis level. Based on this, we want to mimic and expand this phenomenon into devices that can regulate protein biosynthesis level with rare codons and rare tRNAs.
+===Introduction===
+Our project is divided into three sub-projects:[[Team:SJTU-BioX-Shanghai/Project/Subproject1|Rare-Codon Switch]],
+[[Team:SJTU-BioX-Shanghai/Project/Subproject2|Stop-Codon Switch]] and [[Team:SJTU-BioX-Shanghai/Project/Subproject3|Initial-Codon Switch]].
+----
+*[[Team:SJTU-BioX-Shanghai/Project/Subproject1|'''Rare-Codon Switch''']]
+Usage: a device that turns up/down protein translation
+controlling elements: rare codon, rare codon recognizer tRNAs and engineered corresponding aminoacyl tRNA synthetases '''(aaRS)'''
+[[image:11SJTU-rare-codon_silt.jpg|500px]]
+-------
+*[[Team:SJTU-BioX-Shanghai/Project/Subproject2|'''Stop-Codon Switch''']]
+[[image:11SJTU-on-off.jpg|350px|right]]
+Usage: a device that turns on/off protein translation
+controlling elements: stop codon, stop codon recognizer tRNAs and engineered corresponding aaRS
-==Project Description==
+*[[Team:SJTU-BioX-Shanghai/Project/Subproject3|'''Initial-Codon Switch''']]
-*'''A Synthetic-Biological System Controlling Translation Process'''
-SJTU-BioX iGEM team is designing a system in which we will be able to control the expression of the target gene on the level of translation. Our system has provided a brand-new approach that can be universally applied to any protein expression system. In our system we can strictly switch on/off the translation of the target gene; we can selectively translate a part of the whole open reading frame; we can also shift certain amino acid residues to any of the 20 possible alternatives without altering the sequence of the gene. Our significant design offers a multi-purpose and universal way to regulate gene expression on translation level, to selectively express part of a gene, to introduce mutation to the target position of a protein and to study the important residues or domains of the target protein.
+Usage: a device that turns on/off protein translation
-|width="225px" style="padding:0 15px 15px 20px; background-color:#cee"|
+controlling elements: modified tRNA<sup>Met</sup>and engineered methyl aminoacyl tRNA synthetase (MetRS)
-__TOC__