"
Team:Edinburgh/Biorefinery
From 2011.igem.org
We can use stuff to break down stuff and then create new stuff with the stuff.
Once we have glucose, the natural product of cellulose degradation, possible products we can make are:
- Levan
- Levan can be used in foods, feeds, cosmetics, and the pharmaceutical and chemical industry. However limitations exist. Weak chemical stability and purification are problems. Once they are solved, the market for this should be very high.
- How to make levan is so far a mystery!
- Levan can be used in foods, feeds, cosmetics, and the pharmaceutical and chemical industry. However limitations exist. Weak chemical stability and purification are problems. Once they are solved, the market for this should be very high.
- Ethanol
- If the goal is to produce low yield high value, then ethanol is probably not the best option. There is sustainable issues which arise from making ethanol from biomass etc.
- Isoprene
- High Fructose Corn Syrup
- Xylose isomerase is the enzyme used in industry to break down glucose into fructose. It catalyses the chemical reaction D-xylose into D-xylulose. (Part not available in registry). However there has been talk on UK and EU level of banning HFCS. It has been linked with an increase in obesity and type2 diabetes, i.e. a lot of bad press.
- Sucrose
- Xylitol
- Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) from glucose
Sorbitol
Borrelia burgdorferi B31 is [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/15594346?from=538328&to=539275&report=gbwithparts reported to have an aldose reductase gene], as follows:
gtgaataatcttaaagacaagataaatacttatagcaaattaattttagggtcttggcaattcggaggaggatattttaagcaagtcgaaaaagaaactg
ctaaaaaaatattaaaaaaagcatatgatcacgggatcagaaatattgatactgcaagagcttatggaaatggaatttcggaaaaaataattggcgaaat
aatagaaaaagatccaacaataagagaaaatattttaattgcaagtaaatgctacccaatggaaatttcagaatatagagagaactttaatgaaagtctt
aaaaatttaaaaactgattatatagatatttactatatacactggcctaaagccgattttgacctaagaccaatcgcatcatttcttgaagaaatgagag
taaaaggaagaataaaatatgtaggcgtaagtaattttgaaatatcacacatggaaagcataaaaaaagtttgcaaaattgacgtaaaccaaataggata
caaccccttatttagaaataaagaaaaagatgtaattccttactgtgaagacaacaatattgccaccatatcatattcaacaattgctcaaggactttta
tctaaagctaatataaaagacaaaaacaaatttaatgatattagaacagaaaaattgatacttttcaaaaaagaaatttggccttatactttgaaaacca
taaataaacttgaagagatagcaaagataaataacttaacaattttagaattaacatattcatggcttaaaaaaacaaaattaagtggatttatagtggg
ctttagcaaggaaaattatgtagaatcaaacgtaaattcatttaaagcagaaattaatgataaagtatatgaagagattacatcaattttagataatttc
aatcaccaaacaaaaaacttcccaaatttatttaacaaaaaaatttaa
This sequence contains no forbidden sites. It does have very low GC content, though.
This strain is available at DSMZ as [http://www.straininfo.net/strains/149324/browser DSM 4680].
Wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyol_pathway claims] sorbitol cannot cross cell-membranes.
Fructose
E. coli already has [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/148278?from=213&to=1535&report=gbwithparts xylA], the xylose isomerase gene. Still, overexpressing it may be interesting...
atgcaagcctattttgaccagctcgatcgcgttcgttatgaaggctcaaaatcctcaaacccgttagcattccgtcactacaatcccgacgaactggtgt
tgggtaagcgtatggaagagcacttgcgttttgccgcctgctactggcacaccttctgctggaacggggcggatatgtttggtgtgggggcgtttaatcg
tccgtggcagcagcctggtgaggcactggcgttggcgaagcgtaaagcagatgtcgcatttgagtttttccacaagttacatgtgccattttattgcttc
cacgatgtggatgtttcccctgagggcgcgtcgttaaaagagtacatcaataattttgcgcaaatggttgatgtcctggcaggcaagcaagaagagagcg
gcgtgaagctgctgtggggaacggccaactgctttacaaaccctcgctacggcgcgggtgcggcgacgaacccagatcctgaagtcttcagctgggcggc
aacgcaagttgttacagcgatggaagcaacccataaattgggcggtgaaaactatgtcctgtggggcggtcgtgaaggttacgaaacgctgttaaatacc
gacttgcgtcaggagcgtgaacaactgggccgctttatgcagatggtggttgagcataaacataaaatcggtttccagggcacgttgcttatcgaaccga
aaccgcaagaaccgaccaaacatcaatatgattacgatgccgcgacggtctatggcttcctgaaacagtttggtctggaaaaagagattaaactgaacat
tgaagctaaccacgcgacgctggcaggtcactctttccatcatgaaatagccaccgccattgcgcttggcctgttcggttctgtcgacgccaaccgtggc
gatgcgcaactgggctgggacaccgaccagttcccgaacagtgtggaagagaatgcgctggtgatgtatgaaattctcaaagcaggcggtttcaccaccg
gtggtctgaacttcgatgccaaagtacgtcgtcaaagtactgataaatatgatctgttttacggtcatatcggcgcgatggatacgatggcactggcgct
gaaaattgcagcgcgcatgattgaagatggcgagctggataaacgcatcgcgcagcgttattccggctggaatagcgaattgggccagcaaatcctgaaa
ggccaaatgtcactggcagatttagccaaatatgctcaggaacatcatttgtctccggtgcatcagagtggtcgccaggaacaactggaaaatctggtaa
accattatctgttcgacaaataa
This has no forbidden sites.
Xylitol
E. coli has a putative xylose reductase gene, [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/48994873?from=436385&to=437359&report=gbwithparts yajO]. It is (putatively) NADPH dependent, which I imagine means it couldn't work outside the cell...
atgcaatacaaccccttaggaaaaaccgaccttcgcgtttcccgactttgcctcggctgtatgacctttggcgagccagatcgcggtaatcacgcatgga
cactgccggaagaaagcagccgtcccataattaaacgtgcactggaaggcggcataaatttctttgataccgccaacagttattctgacggcagcagcga
agagatcgtcggtcgcgcactgcgggatttcgcccgtcgtgaagacgtggtcgttgcgaccaaagtgttccatcgcgttggtgatttaccggaaggatta
tcccgtgcgcaaattttgcgctctatcgacgacagcctgcgacgtctcggcatggattatgtcgatatcctgcaaattcatcgctgggattacaacacgc
cgatcgaagagacgctggaagccctcaacgacgtggtaaaagccgggaaagcgcgttatatcggcgcgtcatcaatgcacgcttcgcagtttgctcaggc
actggaactccaaaaacagcacggctgggcgcagtttgtcagtatgcaggatcactacaatctgatttatcgtgaagaagagcgcgagatgctaccactg
tgttatcaggagggcgtggcggtaattccatggagcccgctggcaaggggccgtctgacgcgtccgtggggagaaactaccgcacgactggtgtctgatg
aggtggggaaaaatctctataaagaaagcgatgaaaatgacgcgcagatcgcagagcggttaacaggcgtcagtgaagaactgggggcgacacgagcaca
agttgcgctggcctggttgttgagtaaaccgggcattgccgcaccgattatcggaacttcgcgcgaagaacagcttgatgagctattgaacgcggtggat
atcactttgaagccggaacagattgccgaactggaaacgccgtataaaccgcatcctgtcgtaggatttaaataa
