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From 2011.igem.org

(Difference between revisions)

Latest revision as of 11:57, 12 July 2011

Talk from LSE
Things to consider in human practices:
Safety, Security, IP-intellectual property, ethical, biohacking, global fairness
For Anti-venom project
Safety : handling toxin in the lab, storage and transportation of toxins
Security : produce specificity problem, antivenom target for particular person
Patent : only the process obtaining product(antibody) but not the product itself, patent cost a lot of money
LEGO exercise:
- different ways to describe the construction process
- engineering language and user-friendly language

Contacts of people from RCA and LSE

RCA
- Pei-Ying Lin : peiying.lin@networkrca.ac.uk
- Koby : yaacov.barhad@network.rca.ac.uk
- CJ : charlotte@artforeating.com

LSE
- Alex Hamilton : r.a.hamilton@LSE.ac.uk
- Claire MArris : c.marris@lse.ac.uk
- Stephan Guttinges : s.m.guettinges@lse.ac.uk

(Text by Ming, Nina, Si, Yuanwei and Nick)

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-<b>Frank Machin</b>
-So the method for the anti-venom generation begins as follows:<br>
-<br>
-:<br>
-<br>
-Take the venom proteins and bind biotin to either the C or N terminus so that it is able to be fixed to a large ferro-magnetic beads that are coated in streptavidin. Streptavidin has an extremely high affinity for biotin and the beads can be picked up with a neodynium magnet - so the bacteria with the 'antibody' on their surface that is able to bind to the venom proteins will be attached to the bead.
-<br>
-: <br>
-<br>
-The bacteria will have a plasmid that encodes a gene for a single-chain variable fragment, a fusion protein of the variable regions of the heavy and light chains of an immunoglobulin. This will be displayed upon the surface of the bacterium and will be on a plasmid that has a very mutagenic effect as described by Rebekka.
-<br>
-<br>
-<br>
-<b>Rebekka Bauer</b><br><br>
-novel in vivo mutagenesis mechanism:<br>
--construct target genomic DNA with really strong promoter with retrovirus recognition sequence (R U5 PBS etc to ensure that only this is reverse transcribed)<br>
--transcribe into RNA using a crap RNA pol that introduces mutations<br>
--reverse transcribe into DNA using an overexpressed reverse transcriptase (overexpressed to ensure that this happens before DNA is degraded). The RT should be coupled to an inducible promoter to ensure that mutagenesis only takes place in bursts.<br>
--insert into genome via homologous recombination using an equivalent of infusion enzyme (maybe RecA?)<br>
-</html>
-<b>Atipat Patharagulpong</b><br><br>
+<b>Talk from LSE</b><br>
+Things to consider in human practices:<br>
+Safety, Security, IP-intellectual property, ethical, biohacking, global fairness<br>
+For Anti-venom project<br>
+Safety : handling toxin in the lab, storage and transportation of toxins<br>
+Security : produce specificity problem, antivenom target for particular person<br>
+Patent : only the process obtaining product(antibody) but not the product itself, patent cost a lot of money <br>
+LEGO exercise:<br>
+- different ways to describe the construction process<br>
+- engineering language and user-friendly language<br><br>
 Contacts of people from RCA and LSE <br><br>
 RCA<br>
@@ Line 33: / Line 23: @@
 - Claire MArris : c.marris@lse.ac.uk <br>
 - Stephan Guttinges : s.m.guettinges@lse.ac.uk <br><br>
-Talk from LSE<br>
-Things to consider in human practise<br>
-Safety, Security, IP-intellectual property, ethical, biohacking, global fairness<br>
-For Anti-venom project<br>
-Safety : handling toxin in the lab, storage and transportation of toxins<br>
-Security : produce specificity problem, antivenom target for particular person<br>
-Patent : only the process obtaining product(antibody) but not the product itself, patent cost a lot of money <br><br>
-Idea : bacteria that solidify the soil in the presence of urea<br>
-Sporosarcina pasteurii or Bacillus pasteurii from older taxonomies is a bacteria with the ability to solidify sand given a calcium and an organic nitrogen source through the process of biological cementation. This will be a good recycle of land waste, urea waste and a food waste.<br>
-However solidification requires a high pH and produce toxic ammonium waste. Even though ammonia increase the pH this should be control using synthetic biology to model the right amount. ammonium can be subjected to other products which we are still searching for. Another application might be using ammonium produce to tighten the dye we made using the pigment which might allow the full house to be made easily from the brick.<br>
-</html>
-<html>
+(Text by Ming, Nina, Si, Yuanwei and Nick)
-<p>
-<p>
-<DIV style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=4 face=Calibri><STRONG>Si, Nina, Nick and Yuanwei</STRONG></FONT></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
-<DIV style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></DIV>
-<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face=Calibri><FONT color=#000000>MORNING:-<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
-<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
-<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><FONT color=#000000>Serum Bile Acid Sensor Presentation:-<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
-<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>1.</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>Background:</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><SPAN lang=EN-US>Bile acids are 24-carbon steroids found in bile, </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB" lang=EN-GB>which are subject to</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> enterohepatic circulation </SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>synthesized in liver and stored in gallbladder </FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 15.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>helping in digestion and absorption of dietary fat and liposoluble vitamins </FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>bile acids = highly toxic </FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US>therefore their concentration </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB" lang=EN-GB>must</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> be tightly regulated</SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><SPAN lang=EN-US>the level of bile acids is controlled t</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB" lang=EN-GB>h</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>rough a negative feedback system</SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
-<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>mediated by a nuclear bile acid receptor FXR. </FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US>FXR </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB" lang=EN-GB>is highly expressed </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>in liver, intestine and kidney</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB" lang=EN-GB> cells</SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
-<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US>it responds to bile acids an</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB" lang=EN-GB>d has been shown to </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>repress </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB" lang=EN-GB>CYP7A1, a key gene</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> associated with bile acid synthesis. </SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
-<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoNormal><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><SPAN lang=EN-US>Defects </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB" lang=EN-GB>in</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> bile acid </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB" lang=EN-GB>homeostasis due to</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> functional variation</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB" lang=EN-GB>s</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> of FXR</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB" lang=EN-US> </SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
-<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB" lang=EN-GB><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>result in cholestatic conditions such as Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP)</FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>ICP is a pregnancy-specific liver disorder </FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>characterized by pruritus (intense itch) an abnormal liver function </FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoNormal><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><SPAN lang=EN-US>The dysfunction of maternal liver could induce stress on the fetal liver as </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB" lang=EN-GB>the </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>fetus relies on maternal liver to remove bile. It has been shown that ICP pregnancies are more likely to suffer from meconium staining of the amniotic fluid (MSAF), cardiotocography (GCT) abnormalities and respiration distress syndrome (RDS).</SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoNormal><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>The risk of complications such preterm labor, prenatal death and stillbirth are directly linked to severity of ICP </FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoNormal><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>The morbidity of ICP is geographically and racially dependent. [1]</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
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-<P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class=MsoNormal align=center><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1" lang=EN-US>Morbidity(%) </SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-themecolor: text1" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
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-<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 3">
-<TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 204.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1" vAlign=top width=272>
-<P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class=MsoNormal align=center><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'" lang=EN-US>Poland</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
-</TD>
-<TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 204.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1" vAlign=top width=272>
-<P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class=MsoNormal align=center><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'" lang=EN-US>1.5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
-</TD>
-</TR>
-<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 4">
-<TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 204.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1" vAlign=top width=272>
-<P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 14.95pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt" class=MsoNormal align=center><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US>Jugoslavia</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'" lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
-</TD>
-<TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 204.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1" vAlign=top width=272>
-<P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class=MsoNormal align=center><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'" lang=EN-US>1.1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
-</TD>
-</TR>
-<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 5">
-<TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 204.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1" vAlign=top width=272>
-<P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class=MsoNormal align=center><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'" lang=EN-US>Spain</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
-</TD>
-<TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 204.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1" vAlign=top width=272>
-<P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class=MsoNormal align=center><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'" lang=EN-US>1.6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
-</TD>
-</TR>
-<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 6">
-<TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 204.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1" vAlign=top width=272>
-<P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class=MsoNormal align=center><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'" lang=EN-US>UK</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
-</TD>
-<TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 204.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1" vAlign=top width=272>
-<P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class=MsoNormal align=center><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'" lang=EN-US>1.0</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
-</TD>
-</TR>
-<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 7">
-<TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 204.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1" vAlign=top width=272>
-<P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class=MsoNormal align=center><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'" lang=EN-US>China</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
-</TD>
-<TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 204.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1" vAlign=top width=272>
-<P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" class=MsoNormal align=center><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'" lang=EN-US>4.4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
-</TD>
-</TR>
-<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 8">
-<TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 204.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1" vAlign=top width=272>
-<P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'" lang=EN-US>Aymara</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 18pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
-</TD>
-<TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 204.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1" vAlign=top width=272>
-<P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'" lang=EN-US>13.8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 18pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
-</TD>
-</TR>
-<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 9">
-<TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 204.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1" vAlign=top width=272>
-<P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'" lang=EN-US>Araucanian </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 18pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
-</TD>
-<TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 204.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1" vAlign=top width=272>
-<P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'" lang=EN-US>27.6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 18pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
-</TD>
-</TR>
-<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 10">
-<TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 204.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1" vAlign=top width=272>
-<P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'" lang=EN-US>Chile</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 18pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
-</TD>
-<TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 204.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1" vAlign=top width=272>
-<P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'" lang=EN-US>15.6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 18pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
-</TD>
-</TR>
-<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 11; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes">
-<TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 204.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1" vAlign=top width=272>
-<P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US>Caucasian species</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'" lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 18pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
-</TD>
-<TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 204.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1" vAlign=top width=272>
-<P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'" lang=EN-US>9.8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 18pt" lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
-</TD>
-</TR>
-</TBODY>
-</TABLE>
-<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>2.</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>Mechanism:-</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 15.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 15.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>FXR based activation:-</FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: SK" lang=SK><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: SK" lang=SK><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri>use eukaryotic transcription factors in bacterial gene expression<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: SK" lang=SK><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: SK" lang=SK><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri>suggested use of FXR (known structure and DNA sequence) with constitutive promoter expression<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: SK" lang=SK><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: SK" lang=SK><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri>a&nbsp;receptor protein of a&nbsp;number of bile acids, which would bind to ligand-bile acid<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: SK" lang=SK><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>can act as a&nbsp;repressor or an activator, we would use it as an activator, binding to a&nbsp;promoter region B4-BARE (2.4kb) taken from a&nbsp;gene UGT2B4, (known primers for promoter region)</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: SK" lang=SK><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>specified exact FXR binding site, therefore possibility of integrating FXR binding site into another regulatory region</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: SK" lang=SK><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>upon binding to bile acid it would activate output gene</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: SK" lang=SK><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>In the experiment using FXR as transcription factor in human cells 30mM DCA was used, however presumably lower concentration should be sufficient for triggering of FXR.</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>3.</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>Output:-</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: SK" lang=SK><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>GFP:-</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: SK" lang=SK><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><FONT color=#000000>fluorescence = light indicator<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: SK" lang=SK><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>= hard to quantify <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>ligaments:-</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>colour = clear indicator</FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>= influenced by the red colour of blood cells</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>= cell free mechanism for hospital use = accurate measurement</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>= filter/ membrane mechanism for home use</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: SK" lang=SK><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>protein expressed on surface of bacteria causing aggregation</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: SK" lang=SK><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><FONT color=#000000>(either of bacteria or of bacteria to a substance in blood) <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: SK" lang=SK><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: SK" lang=SK><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>4.</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: SK" lang=SK><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri>Modelling:-<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>Binding of activator to GFP gene is a positive cooperative reaction.</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-SG" lang=EN-SG><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>Once activator molecule is bound to the enzyme, its affinity for other activator molecules increases. </FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><SPAN lang=EN-US>Hence, Hill equation can be used as a model.</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-SG" lang=EN-US> </SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN style="mso-no-proof: yes" lang=EN-US><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><FONT color=#000000><?xml:namespace prefix = v ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" /><v:shapetype id=_x0000_t75 stroked="f" filled="f" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" coordsize="21600,21600"><v:stroke joinstyle="miter"></v:stroke><v:formulas><v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></v:f></v:formulas><v:path o:connecttype="rect" gradientshapeok="t" o:extrusionok="f"></v:path><o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit"></o:lock></v:shapetype><v:shape style="WIDTH: 184.5pt; HEIGHT: 37.5pt; VISIBILITY: visible; mso-wrap-style: square" id=图片_x0020_1 type="#_x0000_t75" o:spid="_x0000_i1029"><v:imagedata chromakey="white" o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape></FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US>Hill function for transcriptional activation:</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-SG" lang=EN-US> </SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US>k<SUB>1</SUB>: Maximal transcription rate</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-SG" lang=EN-US> </SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US>K<SUB>m</SUB>: Activation coefficient</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-SG" lang=EN-US> </SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US>n: Hill coefficient</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-SG" lang=EN-US> </SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>A: [activator]</FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><SPAN lang=EN-US>This equation gives the </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-SG" lang=EN-SG>% bound by activator as a function of activator concentration. </SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN style="mso-no-proof: yes" lang=EN-US><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><FONT color=#000000><v:shape style="WIDTH: 225.75pt; HEIGHT: 30.75pt; VISIBILITY: visible; mso-wrap-style: square" id=图片_x0020_2 type="#_x0000_t75" o:spid="_x0000_i1028"><v:imagedata chromakey="white" o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><v:shape style="WIDTH: 225.75pt; HEIGHT: 32.25pt; VISIBILITY: visible; mso-wrap-style: square" id=图片_x0020_3 type="#_x0000_t75" o:spid="_x0000_i1027"><v:imagedata chromakey="white" o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape></FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><SPAN lang=EN-US>after Hill equation modification, the system behaves like a switch</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-SG" lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-no-proof: yes" lang=EN-US><v:shape style="WIDTH: 222.75pt; HEIGHT: 147.75pt; VISIBILITY: visible; mso-wrap-style: square" id=图片_x0020_5 type="#_x0000_t75" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" alt="File:Error Function.svg"><v:imagedata o:title="Error Function" src="file:///C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image007.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-SG" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>In addition, we also need to model the diffusion of blood and GFP in the bacteria culture</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>5.</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>Cell –free mechanism:-</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>for hospital use, the blood must be processed through a cell-free system to give an accurate test result, as well as the bacteria to reduce the risk if they leak from the container ( after the cell-free process, the bacteria are not able to reproduce)</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>separate certain organelles from whole cells for further analysis of specific parts of cells</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>in the process, a tissue sample is first homogenised to break the cell membranes and mix up the cell contents</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>homogenization is intensive blending of mutually related substances or groups of mutually related substances to form a constant of different insoluble phases </FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>homogenate is then subjected to repeated centrifugations </FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>each time removing the pellet and increasing the centrifugal force </FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>Separation is based on size and density, with larger and denser particles pelleting at lower centrifugal forces.in the separating order in actual application:</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>Whole cells and nuclei;</FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.0" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>Mitochondria, lysosomes and peroxisomes;</FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>Microsomes (vesicles of disrupted endoplasmic reticulum); ribosomes and cytosol.</FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>6.</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>Filter/semi-permeable membrane for the blood cells:-</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>RBC: 7~8.5μm </FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>neutrophil: 10~12μm </FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>eosinophil: 10~15μm </FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>basophil: 10~12μm </FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>monocyte: 14~20μm </FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>lymphocyte: small: 6~8μm, medium9~12μm, large: 13~20μm </FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 17.95pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>taurocholic acid molecule roughly 0.4nm</FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>therefore, if the hole diameter of the filter is set to be at about 2~5nm, all the blood cells can be filtered </FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN style="mso-no-proof: yes" lang=EN-US><v:shape style="WIDTH: 179.25pt; HEIGHT: 156.75pt; VISIBILITY: visible; mso-wrap-style: square" id=图片_x0020_6 type="#_x0000_t75" o:spid="_x0000_i1025"><v:imagedata o:title="6312999372498" src="file:///C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image009.jpg"><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri></FONT></v:imagedata></v:shape></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
-<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt" lang=EN-US><FONT face=Calibri><FONT color=#000000>AFTERNOON:-<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
-<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
-<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><FONT color=#000000>LSE BIOS sessions about human practice:-<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
-<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>A.</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>why biosensors ?</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>possible to construct</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>has a potential market</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>B.</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>human practice</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>1.</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>bio-safety</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -21.25pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 2cm; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 49.65pt" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>cell-free system to stop the bacteria from reproducing if there is a leakage of the sensor device</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -21.25pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 2cm; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 49.65pt" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>(unpredictable) mutation must be carefully prevented during the engineering part</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>2.</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>bio-security</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 17.45pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>the access to DNA sequences and other genetic information must be controlled</FONT></FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 17.45pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>“garage biologist”</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -7.1pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.55pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri>the restriction to synthetic biology knowledge is not the way to prevent bio-terrorism, <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN>the key thing is the professional and correct guidance <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>3.</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>IP (intellectual property issue) and patent</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>4.</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>ethical and philosophy</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>5.</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>global fairness</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 17.45pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>bio-sensing = faster disease detection</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 17.45pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>employment problem? discrimination?</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 17.45pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>classify the diseases into different levels of risks</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 17.45pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>social coordinate organization to optimize the occupation and personnel resources</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>C.</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>LEGO exercise:-</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>different ways to describe the construction process</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>engineering language and user-friendly language</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class=MsoListParagraph><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: #7030a0" lang=EN-US><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri>new idea<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class=MsoListParagraph><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: #7030a0" lang=EN-US><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri>inflammation detecting bandage:-<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-themecolor: text1" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-themecolor: text1" lang=EN-US><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri>inflammation is caused by the immune response to pathogens<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-themecolor: text1" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-themecolor: text1" lang=EN-US><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri>can be acute to chronic<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-themecolor: text1" lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-themecolor: text1" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-themecolor: text1" lang=EN-US>acute</SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-themecolor: text1" lang=EN-US> inflammation:-<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>1.</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-themecolor: text1" lang=EN-US><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri>increased movement of plasma and leukocytes (granulocytes) from blood to injured tissues<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>2.</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-themecolor: text1" lang=EN-US><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri>causative agent = pathogens and injured tissues<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>3.</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-themecolor: text1" lang=EN-US><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri>cells involved:<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-themecolor: text1" lang=EN-US><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri>neutrophils, mononuclear cells (monocytes and macrophagens)<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>4.</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-themecolor: text1" lang=EN-US><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri>primary mediator = vasoactive amine and eicosanoids<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-themecolor: text1" lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-themecolor: text1" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-themecolor: text1" lang=EN-US><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri>to carry out the detection mechanism, we will set a target chemical to detect<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-themecolor: text1" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-themecolor: text1" lang=EN-US><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri>at this stage, <I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">interferon gamma </I>is taken into our consideration<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P><FONT color=#000000><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN" lang=EN>Interferon-gamma</SPAN></I><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN" lang=EN> (<SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">IFN-γ</SPAN>) is a dimerized soluble cytokine that is the only member of the type II class of interferon.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></FONT></P>
-<P><FONT color=#000000><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN" lang=EN>This interferon was originally called <B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">macrophage-activating factor</B>, a term now used to describe a larger family of proteins to which IFN-γ belongs. In humans, the IFN-γ protein is encoded by the <SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic">IFNG</SPAN> gene.</SPAN></I><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN" lang=EN>[2]<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-themecolor: text1" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-themecolor: text1" lang=EN-US><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri>the goal of this project is to find a gene coding the protein which and react with interferon gamma and give an indication<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1" class=MsoListParagraph><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-themecolor: text1" lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>-</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-themecolor: text1" lang=EN-US><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri>a further step may be taken as a “damaged tissue cleaner”, which means that the bacteria can not only detect but also remove the inflammation tissue<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
-<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
-<DIV style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>[1] </FONT></FONT></FONT><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/676699.htm"><FONT color=#800080 size=3 face=Calibri><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/676699.htm">http://baike.baidu.com/view/676699.htm</FONT></A></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri></FONT></SPAN></A></DIV>
-<DIV style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=3 face=Calibri><FONT color=#444444 size=2 face=Arial>&nbsp;</FONT>[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon-gamma</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
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-<b><br><br>Christopher Schoene<br><br></b>
-More Ig research: <br><br>
-To generate cell surface anchored antibody fragments: VHH sequence is fused to the anchor sequence from proteinase P of L. casei. <br><br>
-To generate the secreted VHH, stop codon after E-tag. <br><br>
-<b>Sand brick research:</b><br><br>
-Sporosarcina pasteurii --> urease<br><br>
-Calcium carbonate bricks can be made by using urease, urea, sand and calcium chloride. The urease cleaves the urea and creates ammonia and carbon dioxide. The ammonia raises the pH and causes the calcium ions to precipitate with the dissolved carbonate ions. <br><br>
-Ammonia is currently a problem since it can run off to cause algal bloom. A method to remove ammonia must be obtained. Solution? Possibly express all the urea cycle enzymes in the chassis (5 total enzymes). Use slovenia's DNA scaffold so that the process does not produce too many possibly problematic intermediaries in the bacteria. <br><br>
-When should ammonia be converted back to urea? When calcium is depleted. Need some sort of Calcium sensor. <br><br>
-<b>New way of transforming bacteria idea:</b><br><br>
-New way of selecting for transformed bacteria. <br><br>
-Create a plasmid containing Dpn1 under the influence of a strong repressor. In the same plasmid insert the methylase enzyme. The gene is inserted into the methylase and stops its transcription. <br><br>
-If the gene of interest has been successfully inserted into the plasmid and the plasmid has been successfully inserted into the bacteria we can use the inducer to kill off any bacteria that has not been transformed (because the Dpn1 cuts any methylated strands of DNA). <br><br>
-Today we continued developing the bile acid sensor as well as the idea of the anti-venom. For the anti-venom idea we talked to Travis Bayer and obtained a method for screening for the right mutants. We also had a visit from LSE BIOS members that taught us about the point points we should worry about in human practices. We were also given the task to make instructions for a lego structure to show us how difficult it is to standardize parts due to the difficulty of communicating more complicated instructions.
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