Team:IIT Madras/Dry lab/Modelling

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<h1 align="center"><b><u> MODELING </u></b></h1>
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<h1 align="right"><b><u> In-Silico - Comparative Growth Analysis of Wild type vs PR Transformed cells </u></b></h1>
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<p align="center"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/9/94/KRaman.jpg" align="middle" width="600" height="500" align="center"/></p>
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<h3 align="right"> (Metabolic Modeling using Constraint Based Reconstruction and Analysis)</h3>
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<p><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/9/94/KRaman.jpg" align="middle" width="600" height="635" align="center" style="float:left;"/>
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<h3><b><u>Abstract</u></b></h3>
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<ol>
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An extensive Reconstruction and Flux Balance Analysis study of metabolic pathways in E.coli at the genome scale, considering 1668 metabolites and 2383 reactions and their respective stoichiometry matrices was carried out using a Constraint Based approach. This model was validated with negative regulation of reactions by comparing with literature available for Oxidative Phosphorylation inhibitors. By including variations in substrate (glucose) concentrations under limiting conditions, we analyzed the global effects of Proteorhodopsin a.k.a. PR, (light-dependent proton pump) activity on the host system. Such a model which analyzes global effects on metabolic pathways is a novel addition to pre-existing kinetic models (at the protein level) of PR action.
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</ol><br/>
<h3><b><u>Hypothesis</u></b></h3>
<h3><b><u>Hypothesis</u></b></h3>
<ol>
<ol>
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<li>Increase in growth rate due to Proteorhodopsin proton efflux in minimal carbon media</li>
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Increase in cell growth rate due to the proton efflux generated by Proteorhodopsin in minimal carbon media.
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<li>Proton efflux generated by Proteorhodopsin increases ATP production</li>
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</ol> <br/>
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</ol>
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<h3><b><u>Model Design</u></b></h3>
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<h3><b><u>Model Design</u></b></h3><br/>
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Reconstruction and Mathematical Modeling of E.coli K12-MG1655 pathway with Proteorhodopsin.
Reconstruction and Mathematical Modeling of E.coli K12-MG1655 pathway with Proteorhodopsin.
Literature data:<br/>
Literature data:<br/>
<ol>  
<ol>  
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<li>Genome scale metabolic model thermodynamic data for genome scale <b>E.coli K-12 MG1655</b> was derived. This was done by alignment with genomic annotation and the metabolic content of EcoCyc, characterization and quantification of biomass components and maintenance requirements of cell required for growth of the cell and thermodynamic data for reactions[1].</li> <br/>
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<li>Genome scale metabolic model thermodynamic data for genome scale <b>E.coli K-12 MG1655</b> was derived. This was done by alignment with genomic annotation and the metabolic content of EcoCyc, characterization and quantification of biomass components and maintenance requirements of cell required for growth of the cell and thermodynamic data for reactions <sup>[1]</sup>.</li> <br/>
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<li>Reconstruction of the pathway was carried out to suit our project, hence involving the effects due to Proteorhodpsin pumping activity. Data for pH gradient [2], the delta [H+] [3] was taken from literature and hence flux was calculated to formulate a comprehensive model.</li> <br/>
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<li>Reconstruction of the pathway was carried out to suit our project, hence involving the effects due to Proteorhodpsin pumping activity. Data for pH gradient <sup>[2]</sup>, the delta [H+] <sup>[3]</sup> was taken from literature and hence flux was calculated to formulate a comprehensive model.</li> <br/>
</ol>
</ol>
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<h3><b><u>Model Construction</u></b></h3><br>  
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<align="center"><i><b>(Click on the links below for more details on the methods and simulations)</b></i></align>
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<div id="protocol1" style="cursor:pointer;"><h3><b><u>Model Construction</u></b></h3></div>
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A <b>Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML)</b> file was created for the E.Coli transformed with PR (<b>model_PR</b>) and Wildtype(<b>model_WT</b>). The flux balance studies were done by constraint based reconstruction and analysis FBA computations, which fall into the category of constraint-based reconstruction and analysis <b>(COBRA)</b> methods using the COBRA toolbox. The <b>COBRA Toolbox</b> is a freely available <b>Matlab toolbox</b> that can be used to perform a variety of COBRA methods, including many FBA-based methods.
A <b>Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML)</b> file was created for the E.Coli transformed with PR (<b>model_PR</b>) and Wildtype(<b>model_WT</b>). The flux balance studies were done by constraint based reconstruction and analysis FBA computations, which fall into the category of constraint-based reconstruction and analysis <b>(COBRA)</b> methods using the COBRA toolbox. The <b>COBRA Toolbox</b> is a freely available <b>Matlab toolbox</b> that can be used to perform a variety of COBRA methods, including many FBA-based methods.
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In Matlab, the models are structures with fields, such as 'rxns' (a list of all reaction names), 'mets' (a list of all metabolite names) and 'S' (the stoichiometric matrix). The function '<b>optimizeCbModel</b>' is used to perform FBA. Also, gene deletion analysis and their effect on growth rates can also be modeled using COBRA toolbox.<br/>
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In Matlab, the models are structures with fields, such as 'rxns' (a list of all reaction names), 'mets' (a list of all metabolite names) and 'S' (the stoichiometric matrix). The function '<b>optimizeCbModel</b>' is used to perform FBA. Also, gene deletion analysis and their effect on growth rates can also be modeled using COBRA toolbox.
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<h3><b><u> Protocol for metabolic modeling </u></b></h3><br/><br/>
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<p><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/4/4e/Modelling1.jpg" align="middle" width="500" height="400" align="center"/></p><br/>
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<h3><b><u> Simulation Design for Validation</u></b></h3><br/>
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<p> The validation was done with negative regulation of the cytochrome oxidase reaction by comparing with literature available for inhibition using azide[3] </p><br/>
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<p><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/7/7f/Model-1.jpg" align="middle" width="1190" height="60" align="center"/></p>
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<p align="center"><u><i> <b>Table 1</b></i>: .</p><br/><br/>
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<p align="center"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/4/48/Table1.jpg" align="middle" width="450" height="400" align="center"/></p><br/>
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<p align="center"><u><i> <b>Table 2</b></i>: Validation Simulation: For the same amount of inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation due to azide the growth rate increases in the presence of Proteorhodopsin. At the same time when the glucose concentration is minimal the % increase in growth rate due to Proteorhodopsin is higher.</p><br/><br/>
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<p align="center"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/e/eb/No_azide.jpg" align="middle" width="500" height="400" align="center"/></p>
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</div><div id="protocol2" style="cursor:pointer;"><h3><b><u>Protocol for Metabolic Modeling</u></b></h3></div>
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<p align="center"><u> <i><b>Figure 1</b><i>: Plot for % increase in growth due to Proteorhodopsin at varying glucose concentration in the absence of Azide.</u></p><br/>
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<div id="protocol2_content"  style="display:none;">
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<p>Genome scale models provide us with an ideal platform to study effects of addition or deletion of genes in the system. We were especially interested in quantifying variations in flux rates of various reactions due to the H+ pumping activity of proteorhodopsin. For which we composed a network for the pathway in Systems Biology Markup Language. This was further validated and analysed using COBRA toolbox in MATLAB. This helped us to compare growth rates for wild type model (Model_WT) and Mutant Model with Proteorhodopsin (Model_PR)</p>
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<p><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/4/4e/Modelling1.jpg" align="middle" width="500" height="400" align="center"/></p></div><br/>
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<p> <b>According to the model the following reactions showed major flux changes due to Proteorhodopsin :</b>
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/6/65/Download.jpg" width="36px" height="36px"/>  
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<ol><li>'adentylate kinase GTP ' </li>
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<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/0/07/Ec_iAF1260_flux1_PR_IIT_Madras.zip"> Click here to download SBML file for the genome scale e.coli (K-12 MG1665) model including Proteorhodopsin</a> <br/> <br/>
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<li>'adenosine hydrolase' </li>
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<li>'dihydroorotic acid menaquinone 8  </li>
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<li>'3 isopropylmalate dehydrogenase'  </li>
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<li>'psicoselysine transport via proton symport periplasm </li>
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<li>'purine nucleoside phosphorylase Deoxyadenosine '  </li>
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<li>'L threonine via sodium symport periplasm ' </li></ol>
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<u>Reaction Knockout Analysis of    '3 isopropylmalate dehydrogenase'  was lethal and  the other reactions didn’t have major effects on growth rates .</u></p><br/>
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<br/>
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<p align="center"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/8/8c/70p_inhib.jpg" align="middle" width="500" height="400" align="center"/></p>
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<p align="center"><u> <i><b>Figure 2</b></i>: Plot for % increase in growth due to Proteorhodopsin at varying glucose concentration for 70% inhibition of Oxidative phosphorylation (ETC) on addition of azide.</u></p><br/>
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<p><b>According to the model the following reactions showed major flux changes due to Proteorhodopsin :</b>
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<ol>
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<li>'adentylate kinase GTP '</li> 
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<li>'adenosine hydrolase'</li>       
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<li>'dihydroorotic acid menaquinone 8 '</li> 
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<li>'Glycolate oxidase'  Needs to be done</li>
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<li>'psicoselysine transport via proton symport periplasm '</li>
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<li>'purine nucleoside phosphorylase Deoxyadenosine ' </li> 
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<li>'L threonine via sodium symport periplasm '</li>
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</ol>   
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<p><u>Reaction Knockout Analysis of  all the  reactions didn’t have major effects on growth rates .</u></p><br/><br/>
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<p align="center"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/c/c4/Comp_inhib.jpg" align="middle" width="500" height="400" align="center"/></p>
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<p align="center"><u> <i><b>Figure 3</b></i>: Plot for % increase in growth due to Proteorhodopsin at varying glucose concentration for complete inhibition of Oxidative phosphorylation (ETC) on addition of high concentration of azide.</p><br/><br/>
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<p><b>According to the model the following reactions showed major flux changes due to Proteorhodopsin :</b>
+
-
<ol>
+
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<li>adentylate kinase GTP
+
-
<li>adenosine hydrolase</li>
+
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<li>dihydroorotic acid menaquinone 8</li>
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<li>3'isopropylmalatedehydrogenase'</li>
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<li>psicoselysine transport via proton symportperiplasm</li>
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<li>purine nucleoside phosphorylaseDeoxyadenosine</li>
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<li>L threonine via sodium symportperiplasm</li>
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</ol>   
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<u>Reaction Knockout Analysis of '3 isopropylmalate dehydrogenase'  was lethal and  the other reactions didn’t have major effects on growth rates .</u></p><br/><br/>
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<p><b><u> Reference </u></b></p>
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<h3><b><u> <a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:IIT_Madras/Dry_lab/Modelling/Validation">Validation of Model</a></u></b></h3><br/>
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<h3><b><u> <a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:IIT_Madras/Dry_lab/Modelling/Simulations">Simulations for Proof of Concept</a></u></b></h3><br/> <br/>
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<p><b><u> References </u></b></p>
<ol>
<ol>
<li><b>"A genome-scale metabolic reconstruction for Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 that accounts for 1260 ORFs and thermodynamic information"
<li><b>"A genome-scale metabolic reconstruction for Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 that accounts for 1260 ORFs and thermodynamic information"
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Adam M Feist[1], Christopher S Henry[2], Jennifer L Reed[1], Markus Krummenacker[3], Andrew R Joyce[1], Peter D Karp[3],Linda J Broadbelt[2], Vassily Hatzimanikatis[4] and Bernhard Ø Palsson[1],*</li>
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Adam M Feist, Christopher S Henry, Jennifer L Reed, Markus Krummenacker, Andrew R Joyce, Peter D Karp,Linda J Broadbelt, Vassily Hatzimanikatis and Bernhard Ø Palsson,Molecular Systems Biology-2007</li>
<li>"Proteorhodopsin photosystem gene expression enables photophosphorylation in a heterologous host"
<li>"Proteorhodopsin photosystem gene expression enables photophosphorylation in a heterologous host"
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A. Martinez*, A. S. Bradley†, J. R. Waldbauer‡, R. E. Summons†, and E. F. DeLong*§</li>
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A. Martinez, A. S. Bradley†, J. R. Waldbauer, R. E. Summons and E. F. DeLong,PNAS-2007</li>
<li>"Light-powering Escherichia coli with proteorhodopsin"
<li>"Light-powering Escherichia coli with proteorhodopsin"
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Jessica M. Walter*†, Derek Greenfield*‡, Carlos Bustamante*†‡§¶_, and Jan Liphardt*†‡**</li></b>
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Jessica M. Walter, Derek Greenfield, Carlos Bustamante and Jan Liphardt,PNAS-2007</li></b></p>
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Latest revision as of 03:42, 29 October 2011

bar iGEM 2011 - Home Page Indian Institute of Technology - Madras



In-Silico - Comparative Growth Analysis of Wild type vs PR Transformed cells

(Metabolic Modeling using Constraint Based Reconstruction and Analysis)

Abstract

    An extensive Reconstruction and Flux Balance Analysis study of metabolic pathways in E.coli at the genome scale, considering 1668 metabolites and 2383 reactions and their respective stoichiometry matrices was carried out using a Constraint Based approach. This model was validated with negative regulation of reactions by comparing with literature available for Oxidative Phosphorylation inhibitors. By including variations in substrate (glucose) concentrations under limiting conditions, we analyzed the global effects of Proteorhodopsin a.k.a. PR, (light-dependent proton pump) activity on the host system. Such a model which analyzes global effects on metabolic pathways is a novel addition to pre-existing kinetic models (at the protein level) of PR action.

Hypothesis

    Increase in cell growth rate due to the proton efflux generated by Proteorhodopsin in minimal carbon media.

Model Design

Reconstruction and Mathematical Modeling of E.coli K12-MG1655 pathway with Proteorhodopsin. Literature data:
  1. Genome scale metabolic model thermodynamic data for genome scale E.coli K-12 MG1655 was derived. This was done by alignment with genomic annotation and the metabolic content of EcoCyc, characterization and quantification of biomass components and maintenance requirements of cell required for growth of the cell and thermodynamic data for reactions [1].

  2. Reconstruction of the pathway was carried out to suit our project, hence involving the effects due to Proteorhodpsin pumping activity. Data for pH gradient [2], the delta [H+] [3] was taken from literature and hence flux was calculated to formulate a comprehensive model.


(Click on the links below for more details on the methods and simulations)

Model Construction

Protocol for Metabolic Modeling


Click here to download SBML file for the genome scale e.coli (K-12 MG1665) model including Proteorhodopsin

Validation of Model


Simulations for Proof of Concept



References

  1. "A genome-scale metabolic reconstruction for Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 that accounts for 1260 ORFs and thermodynamic information" Adam M Feist, Christopher S Henry, Jennifer L Reed, Markus Krummenacker, Andrew R Joyce, Peter D Karp,Linda J Broadbelt, Vassily Hatzimanikatis and Bernhard Ø Palsson,Molecular Systems Biology-2007
  2. "Proteorhodopsin photosystem gene expression enables photophosphorylation in a heterologous host" A. Martinez, A. S. Bradley†, J. R. Waldbauer, R. E. Summons and E. F. DeLong,PNAS-2007
  3. "Light-powering Escherichia coli with proteorhodopsin" Jessica M. Walter, Derek Greenfield, Carlos Bustamante and Jan Liphardt,PNAS-2007