Team:Washington/Magnetosomes/GibsonVectors

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==Gibson Vector Toolkit==
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<center><big><big><big><big>'''iGEM Toolkits: Gibson Assembly Vectors'''</big></big></big></big></center><br><br>
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===About Gibson Cloning/Assembly===
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=== About Gibson Assembly===
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Gibson Cloning/Assembly is a novel synthetic biology tool that allows multiple gene-inserts during a single isothermal reaction that is used for assembling overlapping DNA fragments. This method is gaining popularity as it tends be more efficient, saving a great amount of time during the cloning process. Overall, Gibson cloning allows teams to built more complex circuits with ease.  
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Gibson assembly is a new synthetic biology tool that allows scar-free assembly of multiple gene-inserts in one isothermal reaction by using an exonuclease, polymerase, and heat-stable ligase to chew back, anneal, and repair gaps from homologous DNA fragments. This method is gaining popularity as it tends to be more efficient than standard restriction/ligation assembly, which can save a great amount of time in the cloning process. Overall, Gibson assembly allows teams to built large gene constructs with ease.  
<br/> [[File:Igem2011_GibsonReacion.png|center|400px]]  
<br/> [[File:Igem2011_GibsonReacion.png|center|400px]]  
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<br><br>
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-------------
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<br>
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===What happened last year?===
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=== What happened last year?===
The Gibson Cloning method is definitely not a new method to be introduced to the iGEM community.  
The Gibson Cloning method is definitely not a new method to be introduced to the iGEM community.  
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In 2010, the Cambridge iGEM team created the RFC 57 document which outlines a protocol for Gibson Assembly using Standard BioBricks that would allow multiple gene inserts during a single cloning event. However, while creating our Magnetosome Toolkit, we found that this BioBrick standard was incapable of producing high yields of Gibson products for even two-gene assemblies.  
+
In 2010, the Cambridge iGEM team created the [http://www.cambridgeigem.org/RFC57.pdf BBF RFC 57] document which outlines a protocol for Gibson Assembly using standard BioBricks ([http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/45138/BBFRFC10.txt?sequence=1 BBF RFC 10]) that would allow many fragment inserts during a single cloning step. However, while creating the Magnetosome Toolkit, we found that this BioBrick standard was incapable of producing high yields of desired Gibson products even for two-fragment assemblies.
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<br>
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The primary problem with this standard pSB vector is the self-complementary of the two NotI sequences embedded in the BioBrick prefix and suffix. These sequences prevent gene inserts from being incorporated efficiently, and do not produce a high yield of the Gibson product even in two-fragments assembly. <br/>
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The "pSB" standard BioBrick vectors available through iGEM are not designed for efficient multiple-insert cloning beyond [http://partsregistry.org/Assembly:3A_Assembly three fragments] and are limited by ligation scars. The primary problem with a standard pSB vector is the self-complementarity of the two NotI sequences embedded in both the BioBrick prefix and suffix. These sequences prevent gene inserts from being incorporated efficiently, and do not produce a high yield of the Gibson product even in two-fragment assemblies. Generally, the backbone self-anneals and the recircularized plasmid has a combined prefix and suffix region that reads EcoRI-NotI-PstI. <br/>
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[[File:Igem2011 biobrick NotI.png|400px|center]]
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[[File:Igem2011 biobrick NotI.png|600px|center]]
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*E=ECoRI, N=NotI, X=Xpa???, S=SpeI, P=
 
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Therefore, to overcome this problem, our 2010 team developed a “gibson reaction compatible” prefix and suffix that were based on BglBrick standards. These vectors increase the cloning efficiency of large-scale gene assemblies and are also compatible with iGEM standard BioBrick parts. <--- are they? <br/>
 
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[[File:Igem2011_gibsonbrick.png|400px|center]]
 
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*E=ECoRI,S1=Spacer 1, Bg=Bgl S2=Spacer2, P=PstI
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To overcome this problem, the [https://2010.igem.org/Team:Washington/Tools_Used/Next-Gen_Cloning 2010 UW iGEM] team developed new prefix and suffix regions that are based on BglBrick (BBF [http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/46747 RFC 21]) standard and designed to eliminate self-complementarity from the prefix and suffix of the plasmid. These vectors [https://2011.igem.org/Team:Washington/Magnetosomes/GibsonResults dramatically] increase the Gibson assembly efficiency of large-scale gene assemblies and are also compatible with iGEM standard BioBrick parts. <br/>
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[[File:Igem2011_gibsonbrick.png|600px|center]]
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=== What about this year? ===
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<br>
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Seeing that this is such a great method to do cloning...we continued with the investigation and made the '''Gibson Assembly Toolkit'''!  
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=== What did we do this year?===
 +
Seeing that this is a very efficient method to do cloning, we continued to make improvements to the methods and created a '''Gibson Assembly Toolkit'''! <br> <br/>
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We call our new vectors plamid Gisbon Assembly (pGA) vectors. And we were able to show that the cloning efficiency of pGA vector is better than the pSB vector.  
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[[File:Washington_iGEM2011_how_to_make_vector.png|right|thumb|450px]]
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(Stay tuned for our results)
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===Creation of 5 plasmid vectors===
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Our new vectors for Gibson assembly follow the naming convention of pGA. To make our pGA vectors, we first amplified the backbones and the pLac GFP insert respectively. Then we performed a Gibson reaction to combine them together to make the pGA vectors.
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All togeher, we created 5 pGA vectors and submitted them to the registry:
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* 2 High copy extraction/cloning vectors
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** pGA1A3, pGA1C3
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* 1 medium copy expression vector
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** pGA3K3
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* 2 low copy expression vectors
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** pGA4A5, pGA4C5
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We submitted 5 pGA vectors of different copy numbers and antibiotic resistances to the Registry. (All of them have pLac GFP)  
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As listed above, each of our vectors have varying copy numbers, antibiotic resistances, and purposes within the magnetosome gene assembly. However, they all appear to be very efficient will multiple gene inserts.
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<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>
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For experimental details comparing the efficiencies of pSB1A3 and pGA1A3, see [https://2011.igem.org/Team:Washington/Magnetosomes/GibsonResults our assay results]. In addition to the characterization of assembly efficiency, we used the pGA vectors for the [https://2011.igem.org/Team:Washington/Magnetosomes/Magnet_Toolkit Magnetosome Toolkit] project. First, we efficiently extracted and BioBricked all the 18 <i>mamAB</i> magnetosome genes. We also made super-assemblies from these BioBricks to make 10 kilobase plasmids (see [http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K590017 mamHIEJKL] and [http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K590019 mamQRBSTUV]) from 2 kilobase pieces by assembling up to five fragments all in one cloning step!
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pGA1A3: high copy plasmid backbone with Amp resistance. 
 
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pGA1C3: high copy plasmid backbone, with Chloramphenicol resistance.
 
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pGA3K3, pGA 4C5 and pGA 4A5 are low copy plasmid backbone, which are good for more gene fragment inserts.
 
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pGA4C5_pLacGFP: a low copy plasmid backbone which has Chloramphenicol resistance
 
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[[File:Washington_iGEM2011_how_to_make_vector.png|center|500px]]
 
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To make the pGA vectors, we first amplified the backbones and the pLac GFP insert respectively. Then we performed Gibson reaction to combine them together to make the pGA vectors.
 
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a table showing the antibiotics, copy number
 
====References====
====References====
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1.
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1. Daniel G Gibson, Lei Young, Ray-Yuan Chuang, Craig J Venter, Clyde A Hutchison, and Hamilton O Smith. Enzymatic assembly of DNA molecules up to several hundred kilobases. <i>Nat Methods</i>, <b>6</b>(5):343, Apr 2009.<br>
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2. Peter A Carr and George M Church. Genome Engineering. <i>Nat Biotechnol</i> , <b>27</b>(12):1151 Dec 2009.<br>
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3. Daniel G Gibson, Hamilton O Smith, Clyde A Hutchison Iii, J Craig Venter, and
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Chuck Merryman. Chemical synthesis of the mouse mitochondrial genome. <i>Nat Methods</i>, <b>7</b>(11):901, Oct 2010.

Latest revision as of 00:24, 29 September 2011


iGEM Toolkits: Gibson Assembly Vectors


About Gibson Assembly

Gibson assembly is a new synthetic biology tool that allows scar-free assembly of multiple gene-inserts in one isothermal reaction by using an exonuclease, polymerase, and heat-stable ligase to chew back, anneal, and repair gaps from homologous DNA fragments. This method is gaining popularity as it tends to be more efficient than standard restriction/ligation assembly, which can save a great amount of time in the cloning process. Overall, Gibson assembly allows teams to built large gene constructs with ease.


Igem2011 GibsonReacion.png




What happened last year?

The Gibson Cloning method is definitely not a new method to be introduced to the iGEM community. In 2010, the Cambridge iGEM team created the [http://www.cambridgeigem.org/RFC57.pdf BBF RFC 57] document which outlines a protocol for Gibson Assembly using standard BioBricks ([http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/45138/BBFRFC10.txt?sequence=1 BBF RFC 10]) that would allow many fragment inserts during a single cloning step. However, while creating the Magnetosome Toolkit, we found that this BioBrick standard was incapable of producing high yields of desired Gibson products even for two-fragment assemblies.

The "pSB" standard BioBrick vectors available through iGEM are not designed for efficient multiple-insert cloning beyond [http://partsregistry.org/Assembly:3A_Assembly three fragments] and are limited by ligation scars. The primary problem with a standard pSB vector is the self-complementarity of the two NotI sequences embedded in both the BioBrick prefix and suffix. These sequences prevent gene inserts from being incorporated efficiently, and do not produce a high yield of the Gibson product even in two-fragment assemblies. Generally, the backbone self-anneals and the recircularized plasmid has a combined prefix and suffix region that reads EcoRI-NotI-PstI.

Igem2011 biobrick NotI.png


To overcome this problem, the 2010 UW iGEM team developed new prefix and suffix regions that are based on BglBrick (BBF [http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/46747 RFC 21]) standard and designed to eliminate self-complementarity from the prefix and suffix of the plasmid. These vectors dramatically increase the Gibson assembly efficiency of large-scale gene assemblies and are also compatible with iGEM standard BioBrick parts.

Igem2011 gibsonbrick.png


What did we do this year?

Seeing that this is a very efficient method to do cloning, we continued to make improvements to the methods and created a Gibson Assembly Toolkit!

Washington iGEM2011 how to make vector.png

Creation of 5 plasmid vectors

Our new vectors for Gibson assembly follow the naming convention of pGA. To make our pGA vectors, we first amplified the backbones and the pLac GFP insert respectively. Then we performed a Gibson reaction to combine them together to make the pGA vectors.

All togeher, we created 5 pGA vectors and submitted them to the registry:

  • 2 High copy extraction/cloning vectors
    • pGA1A3, pGA1C3
  • 1 medium copy expression vector
    • pGA3K3
  • 2 low copy expression vectors
    • pGA4A5, pGA4C5

As listed above, each of our vectors have varying copy numbers, antibiotic resistances, and purposes within the magnetosome gene assembly. However, they all appear to be very efficient will multiple gene inserts.




For experimental details comparing the efficiencies of pSB1A3 and pGA1A3, see our assay results. In addition to the characterization of assembly efficiency, we used the pGA vectors for the Magnetosome Toolkit project. First, we efficiently extracted and BioBricked all the 18 mamAB magnetosome genes. We also made super-assemblies from these BioBricks to make 10 kilobase plasmids (see [http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K590017 mamHIEJKL] and [http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K590019 mamQRBSTUV]) from 2 kilobase pieces by assembling up to five fragments all in one cloning step!


References

1. Daniel G Gibson, Lei Young, Ray-Yuan Chuang, Craig J Venter, Clyde A Hutchison, and Hamilton O Smith. Enzymatic assembly of DNA molecules up to several hundred kilobases. Nat Methods, 6(5):343, Apr 2009.
2. Peter A Carr and George M Church. Genome Engineering. Nat Biotechnol , 27(12):1151 Dec 2009.
3. Daniel G Gibson, Hamilton O Smith, Clyde A Hutchison Iii, J Craig Venter, and Chuck Merryman. Chemical synthesis of the mouse mitochondrial genome. Nat Methods, 7(11):901, Oct 2010.

Retrieved from "http://2011.igem.org/Team:Washington/Magnetosomes/GibsonVectors"