Team:Grenoble/Projet/Design/toggle

From 2011.igem.org

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<h1>Grenoble "In tartiflette we trust"</h1>
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<h2> Where is Grenoble? </h2>
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Grenoble, the flattest city in France, is surrounded by mountains: Chartreuse, Belledonne and Vercors. Moreover, it is dominated by the Bastille, a military fort from the 19th century, accessible by cable-car since 1934. Drac and Isère flow through the city and it’s often called “capital of Alps”.
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<h2>History has it that...</h2>
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City of Grenoble exists for 2000 years. The first reference dates from 43 BC, as Cularo, a little Gallic village. In 379 AD, the town is renamed Gratianopolis (Romans), and Relics of the great wall dated from 3th century are always visible. Grenoble become the capital of the Dauphiné (because the emblem representing dolphins,”dauphin” in French). 
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<h2>Student city</h2>
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<h2 id="toggle">Toggle switch explanation</h2>
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This year, Grenoble is the second student city in France, 15% of 65.000 students are foreigners and has been classed in top 200 of Shanghai ranking (159th). There are University Joseph Fourier (sciences), and several great schools (“grandes écoles”), as Grenoble-INP (engineering school). Moreover, Universities Pierre Mendès-France (law) and Stendhal (foreign language, literature...) are in the campus since 1970.
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<h3>In a few words</h3>
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Our project is based on a toggle switch system. So we have to explain how it works. Basically <u><b>it corresponds to an irreversible choice between two pathways depending on the environment.</b></u> In reality, the reversibility is possible but very difficult to obtain because of the strength of the interactions and the stability of the system (defined by hysteresis * insérer un lien ici*).  
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<h2>Scientific pole</h2>
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<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/2/2b/Toggle_car.png"><img height=350px width=550px src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/2/2b/Toggle_car.png" alt="2 pathways toggle switch" title="Choose one way, no turning back !"></a>
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<h3 id="genet">Genetically, what is happening ?</h3>
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Contrary to us, bacteria can’t think or make voluntary choices. So how can they choose a pathway? Through our project, we are creating a genetic system which helps bacteria to take such a decision. For that, we exploit chemical components of the environment which influence the bacterial behaviour. By taking into account two proteins repressing each other’s expression (LacI and XR), we create the fundaments of a toggle system that can switch when using two inducers (IPTG and X) in the medium. </p>  
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<p><a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/4/4a/Toggle.png"><img height=200px width=450px src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/4/4a/Toggle.png" alt="toggle switch schema" title=""></a>
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Grenoble is a great European scientific centre (“French Silicon Valley”), in research (2nd in France, after Paris) and high technologies, with national research organisations (CEA, CNRS or INRIA), and international research organisations (EMBL, ILL). Moreover, presence of ESRF (financed by 12 European countries since 1994), one of the three most important synchrotrons in a world, confirm this idea. High technologies are based on - Digital and software pole (micro and nanotechnologies (scientific complex Minatec (2006), first European complex and third in a world), computer science and electronic)
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- Biotechnologies pole (biotechnologies and bioinformatics)
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- New energy technologies (development and experimentation of photovoltaics, fuel cell and smart grid).
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  <td><a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/8/8d/Toggle3.png"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/5/5f/Toggle_Switch_Tet.png" alt="" title="" height=275px width=350px></a></td>
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  <td><p>Suppose that initially the genes in the Toggle Switch are both expressed.</p></td>
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  <td><a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/2/2b/Toggle_Switch_repression_strength.png"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/2/2b/Toggle_Switch_repression_strength.png" alt="" title="" width="400"></a></td>
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<h2>City of sport</h2>
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  <td><p>
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If the effect of LacI is dominant through the presence of a high level of IPTG, the bacteria will synthesise more XR and switch off the expression of lacI
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As Grenoble is surrounded by mountains, different sports are developed importantly, like skiing, backpacking or climbing. This advantage permit organisation of 1968 Olympics Winter Games and a lot of facilities are still used actually. Actually, several sports teams exist, especially the GF38 (soccer), the FCG (rugby), and the “Brûleurs de Loups” (ice hockey).For regular sports manifestations, rugby or soccer match, they are played in the Stade des Alpes (open in 2008). In addition, every year since 1971, the 6 days of Grenoble (six jours cyclistes de Grenoble), a track cycling race where great names of cyclism prove theirself, is organised. The Criterium du Dauphiné, organised since 1947, sometimes the Tour de France, passes through Grenoble (this year, Grenoble has been a ville-étape (“stage town”).
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  <td><a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/d/d5/Toggle5.png.png"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/2/2b/Toggle_Switch_repression_strength.png></a></td>
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<h2>Gastronomy</h2>
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  <td><p>The bacteria toggle to one side and totally block the expression of lacI.</p></td>
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We are French people so gastronomy is fundament of our life. Region is known for its different recipes. The most famous are the Tartiflette and the Gratin Dauphinois:
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  <td><a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/1/15/Toggle6.png"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/1/15/Toggle6.png" alt="" title="" width="400"></a></td>
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  <td><p>We need to use very high level of the second inducer X to try to switch the toggle back because the active pathway creates an excess of XR, inhibiting lacI expression.</p></td>
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<h3>The Tartiflette</h3>
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  <td><a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/9/97/Toggle7.png"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/9/97/Toggle7.png" alt="" title="" width="400"></a></td>
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  <td><p>The amount of X would have to be so high as to relieve the inhibition of lacI expression and consequently turn off the other pathway.</p></td>
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Servings: 6
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Preparation time: 50 minutes
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Ingredients
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• 2 1/2 lbs of potatoes
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• 1 medium onion (larger or smaller according to your taste)
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• 1/2 lb canadian bacon
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• 1 Reblochon cheese (or 1 lb of Swiss Gruyere)
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• 3/4 cup white wine (keep remainder of bottle in refrigerator to enjoy with the Tartiflette)
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• 2 Tablespoons oil
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• Salt and Pepper.
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Directions:
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<h3 id="proj">Importance of Toggle Switch for 'Le Projet'  ? </h3>
 
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Peel potatoes and boil or steam for 20 minutes.
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Peel onion and cut into thin slices.
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Importance of Toggle Switch for Le Projet  ?
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Heat large frying pan with the oil and sauté the onion slices.
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Our Toggle switch is composed by the two repressors (LacI and TetR), also the ways express ether a Quorum Sensing receptor (CinR) or the Quorum Sensing synthesise enzyme (CinI). By this ways the bacterium will engage itself in secretion path or receptor path.
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Cut bacon into small cubes and add to pan.
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Cook on medium heat until onion slices are soft (10 minutes).
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(missing picture)
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Stir as needed. Add potatoes that have been diced and pour white wine over it.
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Salt and pepper to taste. Cook over medium heat for 10 minutes, stirring occasionally.
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That’s why we use Toggle Switch to have two different behaviours in one cell type, and simplify the immobilisation on plate. We use cell’s communication to finalise our biosensor so we need a homogeneous repartition of ‘sender cell’ and ‘receptor cell’ to have a good communication and response. So locate specifically (homogeneously) two type of cell, will be very hard work contrary to one ‘differentiable type cell’ that we can locate uniformly on the plate.
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Cut the Reblochon in two halves across its thickness.
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Put half of the potatoe preparation in a round oven proof dish.
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Place half of the Reblochon side down, on top.
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Cover with remaining potatoes and finish with the second half of the Reblochon.
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Place in 350* F oven for 20 minutes.  
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This dish is not recommended if you are on a diet but it is so good!
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<h3>The Gratin Dauphinois</h3>
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Serving: 5
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Preparation time: 1h30 min
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Ingredients:
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1kg of potatoes
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1L of cream
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2 cloves of garlic
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Salt and pepper
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Directions:
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Peel and slice potatoes. Press garlic. Place in a baking dish, starting with the bottom coat of cream. Alternate a layer of potatoes, cream, garlic, pepper, until all the ingredients. Finish by spooning cream, salt and pepper. Put in a medium oven (gas mark 4) for at least an hour.
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document.getElementById('submenu').innerHTML = '<h3><span class="vert">Biology</span> work</h3><ul><li><a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:Grenoble/Projet/Design/toggle">Toggle Switch</a></li><ol><li><a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:Grenoble/Projet/Design/toggle#togge">in a few words</a></li><li><a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:Grenoble/Projet/Design/toggle#genet">genetically what happened</a></li><li><a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:Grenoble/Projet/Design/toggle#proj">Importance for our project</a></li></ol><li><a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:Grenoble/Projet/Design/quorum">Quorum sensing</a></li><ol><li><a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:Grenoble/Projet/Design/quorum#quorum">in a few words</a></li><li><a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:Grenoble/Projet/Design/quorum#biolo">genetically what happened</a></li><li><a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:Grenoble/Projet/Design/quorum#import">importance for our project</a></li></ol></ul>'
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The second important thing for us is alcohol, like red or white wine or liqueur like Chartreuse which is composed with herbal extracts.
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Revision as of 23:44, 21 September 2011

Grenoble 2011, Mercuro-Coli iGEM


Grenoble "In tartiflette we trust"

Where is Grenoble?

Grenoble, the flattest city in France, is surrounded by mountains: Chartreuse, Belledonne and Vercors. Moreover, it is dominated by the Bastille, a military fort from the 19th century, accessible by cable-car since 1934. Drac and Isère flow through the city and it’s often called “capital of Alps”. map

History has it that...

City of Grenoble exists for 2000 years. The first reference dates from 43 BC, as Cularo, a little Gallic village. In 379 AD, the town is renamed Gratianopolis (Romans), and Relics of the great wall dated from 3th century are always visible. Grenoble become the capital of the Dauphiné (because the emblem representing dolphins,”dauphin” in French). quai

Student city

This year, Grenoble is the second student city in France, 15% of 65.000 students are foreigners and has been classed in top 200 of Shanghai ranking (159th). There are University Joseph Fourier (sciences), and several great schools (“grandes écoles”), as Grenoble-INP (engineering school). Moreover, Universities Pierre Mendès-France (law) and Stendhal (foreign language, literature...) are in the campus since 1970.

Scientific pole

Grenoble is a great European scientific centre (“French Silicon Valley”), in research (2nd in France, after Paris) and high technologies, with national research organisations (CEA, CNRS or INRIA), and international research organisations (EMBL, ILL). Moreover, presence of ESRF (financed by 12 European countries since 1994), one of the three most important synchrotrons in a world, confirm this idea. High technologies are based on - Digital and software pole (micro and nanotechnologies (scientific complex Minatec (2006), first European complex and third in a world), computer science and electronic) - Biotechnologies pole (biotechnologies and bioinformatics) - New energy technologies (development and experimentation of photovoltaics, fuel cell and smart grid).

City of sport

As Grenoble is surrounded by mountains, different sports are developed importantly, like skiing, backpacking or climbing. This advantage permit organisation of 1968 Olympics Winter Games and a lot of facilities are still used actually. Actually, several sports teams exist, especially the GF38 (soccer), the FCG (rugby), and the “Brûleurs de Loups” (ice hockey).For regular sports manifestations, rugby or soccer match, they are played in the Stade des Alpes (open in 2008). In addition, every year since 1971, the 6 days of Grenoble (six jours cyclistes de Grenoble), a track cycling race where great names of cyclism prove theirself, is organised. The Criterium du Dauphiné, organised since 1947, sometimes the Tour de France, passes through Grenoble (this year, Grenoble has been a ville-étape (“stage town”).

Gastronomy

We are French people so gastronomy is fundament of our life. Region is known for its different recipes. The most famous are the Tartiflette and the Gratin Dauphinois:

The Tartiflette

Servings: 6 Preparation time: 50 minutes Ingredients • 2 1/2 lbs of potatoes • 1 medium onion (larger or smaller according to your taste) • 1/2 lb canadian bacon • 1 Reblochon cheese (or 1 lb of Swiss Gruyere) • 3/4 cup white wine (keep remainder of bottle in refrigerator to enjoy with the Tartiflette) • 2 Tablespoons oil • Salt and Pepper. Directions: Peel potatoes and boil or steam for 20 minutes. Peel onion and cut into thin slices. Heat large frying pan with the oil and sauté the onion slices. Cut bacon into small cubes and add to pan. Cook on medium heat until onion slices are soft (10 minutes). Stir as needed. Add potatoes that have been diced and pour white wine over it. Salt and pepper to taste. Cook over medium heat for 10 minutes, stirring occasionally. Cut the Reblochon in two halves across its thickness. Put half of the potatoe preparation in a round oven proof dish. Place half of the Reblochon side down, on top. Cover with remaining potatoes and finish with the second half of the Reblochon. Place in 350* F oven for 20 minutes. This dish is not recommended if you are on a diet but it is so good!

The Gratin Dauphinois

Serving: 5 Preparation time: 1h30 min Ingredients: 1kg of potatoes 1L of cream 2 cloves of garlic Salt and pepper Directions: Peel and slice potatoes. Press garlic. Place in a baking dish, starting with the bottom coat of cream. Alternate a layer of potatoes, cream, garlic, pepper, until all the ingredients. Finish by spooning cream, salt and pepper. Put in a medium oven (gas mark 4) for at least an hour. The second important thing for us is alcohol, like red or white wine or liqueur like Chartreuse which is composed with herbal extracts.

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