http://2011.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:GeorgiaTech/Safety&feed=atom&action=historyTeam:GeorgiaTech/Safety - Revision history2024-03-29T09:02:05ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.16.0http://2011.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:GeorgiaTech/Safety&diff=197524&oldid=prevPkurani at 00:28, 29 September 20112011-09-29T00:28:08Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Safety is an important factor while conducting a lab experiment involving synthetic biology and utmost care should be taken such that any accidental or experimental mistakes do not harm the welfare of staff as well as the community. That is why, at Georgia Institute of Technology, safety procedures are in place to minimise the risk of mishaps in a laboratory.<br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Safety is an important factor while conducting a lab experiment involving synthetic biology and utmost care should be taken such that any accidental or experimental mistakes do not harm the welfare of staff as well as the community. That is why, at Georgia Institute of Technology, safety procedures are in place to minimise the risk of mishaps in a laboratory.<br></div></td></tr>
</table>Pkuranihttp://2011.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:GeorgiaTech/Safety&diff=193521&oldid=prevPkurani at 19:28, 28 September 20112011-09-28T19:28:50Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Safety Issues Concerning the GT iGEM 2011 CRISPR Project:<br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Safety Issues Concerning the GT iGEM 2011 CRISPR Project:<br></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Environmental and Public Safety:<br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Environmental and Public Safety:<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><br></ins><br></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Bacterial Strains Used:<br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Bacterial Strains Used:<br></div></td></tr>
</table>Pkuranihttp://2011.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:GeorgiaTech/Safety&diff=193508&oldid=prevPkurani at 19:27, 28 September 20112011-09-28T19:27:58Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Safety is an important factor while conducting a lab experiment involving synthetic biology and utmost care should be taken such that any accidental or experimental mistakes do not harm the welfare of staff as well as the community. That is why, at Georgia Institute of Technology, safety procedures are in place to minimise the risk of mishaps in a laboratory.</<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">p</del>></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Safety is an important factor while conducting a lab experiment involving synthetic biology and utmost care should be taken such that any accidental or experimental mistakes do not harm the welfare of staff as well as the community. That is why, at Georgia Institute of Technology, safety procedures are in place to minimise the risk of mishaps in a laboratory.<<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">br></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><br><br></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">General Lab Safety:<br></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The Georgia Tech iGEM 2011 team follows the guidelines as implemented by the university and all of its members have been trained in Lab Safety Protocols for this purpose. All the team members have been trained by the lab safety officer in School of Biology, Marc Pline by conducting a presentation on general safety in the lab, understanding material safety data sheets, the meaning of various warning labels, such as those on refrigerators, waste disposal, and autoclaving techniques. The GT iGEM team follows all the safety protocols and guidelines as described by the Georgia Tech Environmental Health & Safety here: http:</ins>/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/www.ehs.gatech.edu/<br</ins>></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">General Lab Safety:</p></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Also, our project </ins>follows the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">policies and procedures governing </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">possession </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">use </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Recombinant DNA as laid out </ins>by the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Georgia Institute </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Technology Institutional Biosafety Committee </ins>and as <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">laid out in </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">document attached </ins>here: http://www.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">compliance</ins>.gatech.edu/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">forms/IBC/IBC_PP.pdf</ins><<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">br></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The Georgia Tech iGEM 2011 team </del>follows the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">guidelines as implemented by </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">university </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">all </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">its members have been trained in Lab Safety Protocols for this purpose. All the team members have been trained </del>by the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">lab safety officer in School </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Biology, Marc Pline by conducting a presentation on general safety in the lab, understanding material safety data sheets, the meaning of various warning labels, such as those on refrigerators, waste disposal, </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">autoclaving techniques. The GT iGEM team follows all the safety protocols and guidelines </del>as <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">described by </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Georgia Tech Environmental Health & Safety </del>here: http://www.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ehs</del>.gatech.edu/<<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/p</del>></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><br></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Safety Issues Concerning the GT iGEM 2011 CRISPR Project:<br</ins>></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Also, our project follows the policies </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">procedures governing the possession and use of Recombinant DNA as laid out by the Georgia Institute of Technology Institutional Biosafety Committee and as laid out in the document attached here: http</del>:<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">//www.compliance.gatech.edu/forms/IBC/IBC_PP.pdf</del><<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/p</del>></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Environmental </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Public Safety</ins>:<<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">br</ins>></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Safety Issues Concerning the GT iGEM 2011 CRISPR Project</del>:<<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/p</del>></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Bacterial Strains Used</ins>:<<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">br</ins>></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Environmental and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Public </del>Safety:<<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/p</del>></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1) Streptococcus thermophilus DGCC 7710: Our project involves the use of Streptococcus thermophilus, a gram-positive bacteria that is not known to cause disease in humans. Although other members of its genus are pathogenic, S. thermophilus is completely safe, growing naturally in the human intestines, and is in fact added to yogurt as a probiotic as indicated in the following link : (http://www.nature.com/index.html?file=/nbt/journal/v22/n12/full/nbt1034.html).<br></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2) Bacillus subtilis 168: Another bacteria we are using, Bacillus subtilis, is classified as a Safety Group 1 organism by the National Institutes of Health, thus an “agent that is not associated with disease in healthy adult humans.” It has also been evaluated by the </ins>Environmental <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Protection Agency, </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">their conclusions were that it is not considered pathogenic to humans, animals, or plants as indicated here: (http://epa.gov/biotech_rule/pubs/fra/fra009.htm)<br></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3) Escherichia coli BL21: The bacteria we used, BL21 electrocompetent E. coli, are non-pathogenic and unlikely to survive outside of a laboratory setting, thus not causing any ill effects if released by accident.<br></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><br></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Safety <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Concerns Concerning the CRISPR mechanism</ins>:<<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">br</ins>></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Bacterial Strains Used</del>:<<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/p</del>></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The Georgia Tech iGEM project involves utilizing CRISPR systems to decrease antibiotic resistance in bacteria, with possible future applications in human health. The CRISPR system is naturally prevalent in 40% of the bacterial population and hence it is highly unlikely that the genes under experimentation would cause adverse effects beyond what is already present in nature. The CRISPR system acts by increasing the resistance of the bacteria against plasmid uptake and phage attacks, which is unlikely to cause increased pathogenicity of the bacteria. Rather, since plasmids in nature can harbor antibiotic resistance genes or other genes that enable a bacterium to survive and propagate, decreasing plasmid uptake may actually decrease pathogenticity. Similarly, CRISPR’s resistance mechanism works only against nucleic acids, so adding it to new species will not enable that species to acquire resistance to antibiotics - which are typically small molecules, not nucleic acids. For the purposes of general safety, the manipulated CRISPR system will only target genes that have been specifically engineered for targeting and precautions have been taken to ensure that none of these should be detrimental to the community if released by accident.<br></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><br></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Security Risk </ins>:<<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">br</ins>></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1) Streptococcus thermophilus DGCC 7710: Our project involves the use of Streptococcus thermophilus, a gram-positive bacteria that is not known to cause disease in humans. Although other members of its genus are pathogenic, S. thermophilus is completely safe, growing naturally in the human intestines, and is in fact added to yogurt as a probiotic as indicated in the following link : (http://www.nature.com/index.html?file=/nbt/journal/v22/n12/full/nbt1034.html).</p></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Our project promises of developing a CRISPR mechanism which could eliminate resistance from the inserted bacteria against a certain already present resistance. Although there is a potential to misuse any genetic modification experiment, the experimental product from this project will be highly regulated and will not pose any new security threat.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2) Bacillus subtilis 168: Another bacteria we are using, Bacillus subtilis, is classified as a Safety Group 1 organism by the National Institutes of Health, thus an “agent that is not associated with disease in healthy adult humans.” It has also been evaluated by the Environmental Protection Agency, and their conclusions were that it is not considered pathogenic to humans, animals, or plants as indicated here: (http://epa.gov/biotech_rule/pubs/fra/fra009.htm)</p></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">br><br</ins>></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3) Escherichia coli BL21: The bacteria we used, BL21 electrocompetent E. coli, are non-pathogenic and unlikely to survive outside of a laboratory setting, thus not causing any ill effects if released by accident.</p></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Biobrick Safety Considerations:</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">br</ins>></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Safety Concerns Concerning the CRISPR mechanism:</p></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Our submitted biobrick device will consist of the CRISPR locus taken from S. thermophilus. As the submitted biobrick will have a manipulated CRISPR mechanism which will only target the spacers inserted by our team, it will not pose any safety risk as it will only carry out its intended purpose.<<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">br</ins>></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><br><br></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The Georgia Tech iGEM project involves utilizing CRISPR systems to decrease antibiotic resistance in bacteria, with possible future applications in human health. The CRISPR system is naturally prevalent in 40% of the bacterial population and hence it is highly unlikely that the genes under experimentation would cause adverse effects beyond what is already present in nature. The CRISPR system acts by increasing the resistance of the bacteria against plasmid uptake and phage attacks, which is unlikely to cause increased pathogenicity of the bacteria. Rather, since plasmids in nature can harbor antibiotic resistance genes or other genes that enable a bacterium to survive and propagate, decreasing plasmid uptake may actually decrease pathogenticity. Similarly, CRISPR’s resistance mechanism works only against nucleic acids, so adding it to new species will not enable that species to acquire resistance to antibiotics - which are typically small molecules, not nucleic acids. For the purposes of general safety, the manipulated CRISPR system will only target genes that have been specifically engineered for targeting and precautions have been taken to ensure that none of these should be detrimental to the community if released by accident.</p></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Biosafety Regulations at Georgia Institute of Technology:</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">br</ins>></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Security Risk :</p></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Our project has been classified as biosafety level 1 as all of our organisms are “unlikely to cause human diseases” and the Occupational Health and Safety Committee and the Environmental Health and Safety Office of the Georgia Institute of Technology has approved Professor Eric Gaucher’s laboratory (the lab under which the GT iGEM 2011 team works) for Biosafety Level 1 Research and no concerns have been raised by the committee as regards to our project. As stated above, we have been in constant touch as regards to general lab safety with our department’s lab safety officer Marc Pline and have adhered to all the basic safety protocols. Also, our project follows the guidelines laid out by the national safety guidelines as laid out by CDC here http://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5/index.htm.<<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">br</ins>></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><br></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Our project promises of developing a CRISPR mechanism which could eliminate resistance from the inserted bacteria against a certain already present resistance. Although there is a potential to misuse any genetic modification experiment, the experimental product from this project will be highly regulated and will not pose any new security threat.<<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/p</del>></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Also, as stated above in General lab safety, our project follows the policies and procedures governing the possession and use of Recombinant DNA as laid out by the Georgia Institute of Technology Institutional Biosafety Committee and as laid out in the document attached here: http://www.compliance.gatech.edu/forms/IBC/IBC_PP.pdf<<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">br</ins>></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><br></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Biobrick Safety Considerations:<<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/p</del>></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>As a final checkpoint, our proposal will be consistently and constantly verified in detail to ensure that every aspect complies with university and state safety regulations<<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">br</ins>></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><br><br></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Our submitted biobrick device will consist of the CRISPR locus taken from S. thermophilus. As the submitted biobrick will have a manipulated CRISPR mechanism which will only target the spacers inserted by our team, it will not pose any safety risk as it will only carry out its intended purpose.<<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/p</del>></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Combined efforts of all iGEM teams to ensure safety:</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">br</ins>></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Biosafety Regulations at Georgia Institute of Technology:<<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/p</del>></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Our group has discussed the sharp learning curve associated with having a young iGEM team with relatively little lab experience among them. All group members attended an institute biological laboratory safety class, but many things were learned along the way, specific to genetic engineering research. We would propose a collaboration of iGEM members to produce an online, visual, one-hour introductory course on the basic biosafety issues that could arise during the iGEM research process.<<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">br</ins>></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Our project has been classified as biosafety level 1 as all of our organisms are “unlikely to cause human diseases” and the Occupational Health and Safety Committee and the Environmental Health and Safety Office of the Georgia Institute of Technology has approved Professor Eric Gaucher’s laboratory (the lab under which the GT iGEM 2011 team works) for Biosafety Level 1 Research and no concerns have been raised by the committee as regards to our project. As stated above, we have been in constant touch as regards to general lab safety with our department’s lab safety officer Marc Pline and have adhered to all the basic safety protocols. Also, our project follows the guidelines laid out by the national safety guidelines as laid out by CDC here http://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5/index.htm.<<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/p</del>></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Also, as stated above in General lab safety, our project follows the policies and procedures governing the possession and use of Recombinant DNA as laid out by the Georgia Institute of Technology Institutional Biosafety Committee and as laid out in the document attached here: http://www.compliance.gatech.edu/forms/IBC/IBC_PP.pdf<<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/p</del>></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>As a final checkpoint, our proposal will be consistently and constantly verified in detail to ensure that every aspect complies with university and state safety regulations<<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/p</del>></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Combined efforts of all iGEM teams to ensure safety:<<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/p</del>></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Our group has discussed the sharp learning curve associated with having a young iGEM team with relatively little lab experience among them. All group members attended an institute biological laboratory safety class, but many things were learned along the way, specific to genetic engineering research. We would propose a collaboration of iGEM members to produce an online, visual, one-hour introductory course on the basic biosafety issues that could arise during the iGEM research process.<<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/p</del>></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
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</table>Pkuranihttp://2011.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:GeorgiaTech/Safety&diff=193479&oldid=prevPkurani at 19:24, 28 September 20112011-09-28T19:24:56Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Safety is an important factor while conducting a lab experiment involving synthetic biology and utmost care should be taken such that any accidental or experimental mistakes do not harm the welfare of staff as well as the community</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">That is why</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">at Georgia Institute of Technology, safety procedures are in place to minimise the risk of mishaps in a laboratory.</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><html></ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><strong>General Lab </del>Safety<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">:</strong></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Safety <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">is an important factor while conducting a lab experiment involving synthetic biology and utmost care should be taken such that any accidental or experimental mistakes do not harm </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">welfare of staff as well </ins>as the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">community</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">That is why, at Georgia Institute </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Technology</ins>, safety <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">procedures are </ins>in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">place to minimise </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">risk </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">mishaps in a laboratory</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><</ins>/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The Georgia Tech iGEM 2011 team follows </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">guidelines </del>as <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">implemented by </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">university and all of its members have been trained in Lab Safety Protocols for this purpose</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">All the team members have been trained by the lab safety officer in School </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Biology</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Marc Pline by conducting a presentation on general </del>safety in the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">lab, understanding material safety data sheets, the meaning </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">various warning labels, such as those on refrigerators, waste disposal, and autoclaving techniques</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The GT iGEM team follows all the safety protocols and guidelines as described by the Georgia Tech Environmental Health & Safety here: http://www.ehs.gatech.edu</del>/</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Also, our project </del>follows the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">policies and procedures governing </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">possession </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">use </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Recombinant DNA as laid out </del>by the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Georgia Institute </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Technology Institutional Biosafety Committee </del>and as <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">laid out in </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">document attached </del>here: http://www.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">compliance</del>.gatech.edu/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">forms</del>/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">IBC/IBC_PP.pdf</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">General Lab Safety:</p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The Georgia Tech iGEM 2011 team </ins>follows the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">guidelines as implemented by </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">university </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">all </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">its members have been trained in Lab Safety Protocols for this purpose. All the team members have been trained </ins>by the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">lab safety officer in School </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Biology, Marc Pline by conducting a presentation on general safety in the lab, understanding material safety data sheets, the meaning of various warning labels, such as those on refrigerators, waste disposal, </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">autoclaving techniques. The GT iGEM team follows all the safety protocols and guidelines </ins>as <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">described by </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Georgia Tech Environmental Health & Safety </ins>here: http://www.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ehs</ins>.gatech.edu/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><</ins>/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Safety Issues Concerning </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">GT iGEM 2011 CRISPR Project</del>:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Also, our project follows </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">policies and procedures governing the possession and use of Recombinant DNA as laid out by the Georgia Institute of Technology Institutional Biosafety Committee and as laid out in the document attached here: http</ins>:<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">//www.compliance.gatech.edu/forms/IBC/IBC_PP.pdf</p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Environmental and Public </del>Safety:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Safety <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Issues Concerning the GT iGEM 2011 CRISPR Project</ins>:<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Bacterial Strains Used</del>:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Environmental and Public Safety</ins>:<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1) Streptococcus thermophilus DGCC 7710: Our project involves the use of Streptococcus thermophilus, a gram-positive bacteria that is not known to cause disease in humans. Although other members of its genus are pathogenic, S. thermophilus is completely safe, growing naturally in the human intestines, and is in fact added to yogurt as a probiotic as indicated in the following link : (http</del>:/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/www.nature.com/index.html?file=/nbt/journal/v22/n12/full/nbt1034.html).</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Bacterial Strains Used</ins>:<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><</ins>/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2) Bacillus subtilis 168: Another bacteria we are using, Bacillus subtilis, is classified as a Safety Group 1 organism by the National Institutes of Health, thus an “agent that is not associated with disease in healthy adult humans.” It has also been evaluated by the Environmental Protection Agency, and their conclusions were that it is not considered pathogenic to humans, animals, or plants as indicated here: (http://epa.gov/biotech_rule/pubs/fra/fra009.htm)</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3) Escherichia coli BL21: The bacteria we used, BL21 electrocompetent E. coli, are non-pathogenic and unlikely to survive outside of a laboratory setting, thus not causing any ill effects if released by accident.</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Safety <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Concerns Concerning </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">CRISPR mechanism</del>:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1) Streptococcus thermophilus DGCC 7710: Our project involves the use of Streptococcus thermophilus, a gram-positive bacteria that is not known to cause disease in humans. Although other members of its genus are pathogenic, S. thermophilus is completely safe, growing naturally in the human intestines, and is in fact added to yogurt as a probiotic as indicated in the following link : (http://www.nature.com/index.html?file=/nbt/journal/v22/n12/full/nbt1034.html).</p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2) Bacillus subtilis 168: Another bacteria we are using, Bacillus subtilis, is classified as a </ins>Safety <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Group 1 organism by </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">National Institutes of Health, thus an “agent that is not associated with disease in healthy adult humans.” It has also been evaluated by the Environmental Protection Agency, and their conclusions were that it is not considered pathogenic to humans, animals, or plants as indicated here: (http://epa.gov/biotech_rule/pubs/fra/fra009.htm)</p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3) Escherichia coli BL21</ins>: <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The bacteria we used, BL21 electrocompetent E. coli, are non-pathogenic and unlikely to survive outside of a laboratory setting, thus not causing any ill effects if released by accident.</p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The Georgia Tech iGEM project involves utilizing CRISPR systems to decrease antibiotic resistance in bacteria, with possible future applications in human health. The CRISPR system is naturally prevalent in 40% of </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">bacterial population and hence it is highly unlikely that the genes under experimentation would cause adverse effects beyond what is already present in nature. The </del>CRISPR <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">system acts by increasing the resistance of the bacteria against plasmid uptake and phage attacks, which is unlikely to cause increased pathogenicity of the bacteria. Rather, since plasmids in nature can harbor antibiotic resistance genes or other genes that enable a bacterium to survive and propagate, decreasing plasmid uptake may actually decrease pathogenticity. Similarly, CRISPR’s resistance </del>mechanism <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">works only against nucleic acids, so adding it to new species will not enable that species to acquire resistance to antibiotics - which are typically small molecules, not nucleic acids. For the purposes of general safety, the manipulated CRISPR system will only target genes that have been specifically engineered for targeting and precautions have been taken to ensure that none of these should be detrimental to the community if released by accident.</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Safety Concerns Concerning </ins>the CRISPR mechanism<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">:</p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Security Risk :</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The Georgia Tech iGEM project involves utilizing CRISPR systems to decrease antibiotic resistance in bacteria, with possible future applications in human health. The CRISPR system is naturally prevalent in 40% of the bacterial population and hence it is highly unlikely that the genes under experimentation would cause adverse effects beyond what is already present in nature. The CRISPR system acts by increasing the resistance of the bacteria against plasmid uptake and phage attacks, which is unlikely to cause increased pathogenicity of the bacteria. Rather, since plasmids in nature can harbor antibiotic resistance genes or other genes that enable a bacterium to survive and propagate, decreasing plasmid uptake may actually decrease pathogenticity. Similarly, CRISPR’s resistance mechanism works only against nucleic acids, so adding it to new species will not enable that species to acquire resistance to antibiotics - which are typically small molecules, not nucleic acids. For the purposes of general safety, the manipulated CRISPR system will only target genes that have been specifically engineered for targeting and precautions have been taken to ensure that none of these should be detrimental to the community if released by accident.</p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Our project promises of developing a CRISPR mechanism which could eliminate resistance from the inserted bacteria against a certain already present resistance. Although there is a potential to misuse any genetic modification experiment, the experimental product from this project will be highly regulated and will not pose any new security threat.</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Security Risk :</p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Biobrick Safety Considerations:</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Our project promises of developing a CRISPR mechanism which could eliminate resistance from the inserted bacteria against a certain already present resistance. Although there is a potential to misuse any genetic modification experiment, the experimental product from this project will be highly regulated and will not pose any new security threat.</p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Our submitted biobrick device will consist of the CRISPR locus taken from S. thermophilus. As the submitted biobrick will have a manipulated CRISPR mechanism which will only target the spacers inserted by our team, it will not pose any safety risk as it will only carry out its intended purpose.</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Biobrick Safety Considerations:</p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Biosafety Regulations at Georgia Institute </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Technology:</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Our submitted biobrick device will consist </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the CRISPR locus taken from S. thermophilus. As the submitted biobrick will have a manipulated CRISPR mechanism which will only target the spacers inserted by our team, it will not pose any safety risk as it will only carry out its intended purpose.</p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Our project has been classified as biosafety level 1 as all of our organisms are “unlikely to cause human diseases” and the Occupational Health and Safety Committee and the Environmental Health and Safety Office of the </del>Georgia Institute of Technology <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">has approved Professor Eric Gaucher’s laboratory (the lab under which the GT iGEM 2011 team works) for Biosafety Level 1 Research and no concerns have been raised by the committee as regards to our project. As stated above, we have been in constant touch as regards to general lab safety with our department’s lab safety officer Marc Pline and have adhered to all the basic safety protocols. Also, our project follows the guidelines laid out by the national safety guidelines as laid out by CDC here http</del>:/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5/index.htm.</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Biosafety Regulations at </ins>Georgia Institute of Technology:<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><</ins>/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Also, </del>as <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">stated above in General lab safety, </del>our <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">project follows </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">policies </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">procedures governing </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">possession </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">use </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Recombinant DNA as laid out by </del>the Georgia Institute of Technology <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Institutional </del>Biosafety <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Committee </del>and as laid out <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">in </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">document attached </del>here<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">: </del>http://www.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">compliance</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">gatech.edu</del>/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">forms</del>/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">IBC</del>/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">IBC_PP</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">pdf</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Our project has been classified </ins>as <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">biosafety level 1 as all of </ins>our <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">organisms are “unlikely to cause human diseases” and </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Occupational Health and Safety Committee </ins>and the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Environmental Health </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Safety Office </ins>of the Georgia Institute of Technology <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">has approved Professor Eric Gaucher’s laboratory (the lab under which the GT iGEM 2011 team works) for </ins>Biosafety <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Level 1 Research </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">no concerns have been raised by the committee </ins>as <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">regards to our project. As stated above, we have been in constant touch as regards to general lab safety with our department’s lab safety officer Marc Pline and have adhered to all the basic safety protocols. Also, our project follows the guidelines </ins>laid out <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">by </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">national safety guidelines as laid out by CDC </ins>here http://www.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cdc</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">gov</ins>/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">biosafety</ins>/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">publications</ins>/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">bmbl5/index</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">htm.</p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">As a final checkpoint</del>, our <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">proposal will be consistently </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">constantly verified in detail to ensure that every aspect complies with university </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">state safety regulations</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Also, as stated above in General lab safety</ins>, our <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">project follows the policies </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">procedures governing the possession </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">use of Recombinant DNA as laid out by the Georgia Institute of Technology Institutional Biosafety Committee and as laid out in the document attached here: http://www.compliance.gatech.edu/forms/IBC/IBC_PP.pdf</p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Combined efforts of all iGEM teams to ensure safety:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">As a final checkpoint, our proposal will be consistently and constantly verified in detail to ensure that every aspect complies with university and state safety regulations</p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Our group has discussed the sharp learning curve associated with having a young iGEM team with relatively little lab experience among them. All group members attended an institute biological laboratory safety class, but many things were learned along the way, specific to genetic engineering research. We would propose a collaboration of iGEM members to produce an online, visual, one-hour introductory course on the basic biosafety issues that could arise during the iGEM research process.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Combined efforts of all iGEM teams to ensure safety:<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Our group has discussed the sharp learning curve associated with having a young iGEM team with relatively little lab experience among them. All group members attended an institute biological laboratory safety class, but many things were learned along the way, specific to genetic engineering research. We would propose a collaboration of iGEM members to produce an online, visual, one-hour introductory course on the basic biosafety issues that could arise during the iGEM research process.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></p></ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>Pkuranihttp://2011.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:GeorgiaTech/Safety&diff=93513&oldid=prevHannahnk: /* Safety */2011-08-30T19:02:27Z<p><span class="autocomment">Safety</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>{{GT-nav}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>{{GT-nav}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==</del>Safety<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Safety <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">is an important factor while conducting a lab experiment involving synthetic biology and utmost care should be taken such that any accidental or experimental mistakes do not harm the welfare of staff as well as the community. That is why, at Georgia Institute of Technology, safety procedures are in place to minimise the risk of mishaps in a laboratory.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Safety is an important factor while conducting a lab experiment involving synthetic biology and utmost care should be taken such that any accidental or experimental mistakes do not harm the welfare of staff as well as the community. That is why, at Georgia Institute of Technology, safety procedures are in place to minimise the risk of mishaps in a laboratory. </del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><strong></ins>General Lab Safety:<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></strong></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The Georgia Tech iGEM 2011 team follows the guidelines as implemented by the university and all of its members have been trained in Lab Safety Protocols for this purpose. All the team members have been trained by the lab safety officer in School of Biology, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Marc </ins>Pline by conducting a presentation on general safety in the lab, understanding material safety data sheets, the meaning of various warning labels, such as those on refrigerators, waste disposal, and autoclaving techniques. The GT iGEM team follows all the safety protocols and guidelines as described by the Georgia Tech Environmental Health & Safety here: http://www.ehs.gatech.edu/</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>General Lab Safety: </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The Georgia Tech iGEM 2011 team follows the guidelines as implemented by the university and all of its members have been trained in Lab Safety Protocols for this purpose. All the team members have been trained by the lab safety officer in School of Biology, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Mark </del>Pline by conducting a presentation on general safety in the lab, understanding material safety data sheets, the meaning of various warning labels, such as those on refrigerators, waste disposal, and autoclaving techniques. The GT iGEM team follows all the safety protocols and guidelines as described by the Georgia Tech Environmental Health & Safety here: http://www.ehs.gatech.edu/</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Also, our project follows the policies and procedures governing the possession and use of Recombinant DNA as laid out by the Georgia Institute of Technology Institutional Biosafety Committee and as laid out in the document attached here: http://www.compliance.gatech.edu/forms/IBC/IBC_PP.pdf</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Also, our project follows the policies and procedures governing the possession and use of Recombinant DNA as laid out by the Georgia Institute of Technology Institutional Biosafety Committee and as laid out in the document attached here: http://www.compliance.gatech.edu/forms/IBC/IBC_PP.pdf</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>1) Streptococcus thermophilus DGCC 7710: Our project involves the use of Streptococcus thermophilus, a gram-positive bacteria that is not known to cause disease in humans. Although other members of its genus are pathogenic, S. thermophilus is completely safe, growing naturally in the human intestines, and is in fact added to yogurt as a probiotic as indicated in the following link : (http://www.nature.com/index.html?file=/nbt/journal/v22/n12/full/nbt1034.html).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>1) Streptococcus thermophilus DGCC 7710: Our project involves the use of Streptococcus thermophilus, a gram-positive bacteria that is not known to cause disease in humans. Although other members of its genus are pathogenic, S. thermophilus is completely safe, growing naturally in the human intestines, and is in fact added to yogurt as a probiotic as indicated in the following link : (http://www.nature.com/index.html?file=/nbt/journal/v22/n12/full/nbt1034.html).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>2) Bacillus subtilis 168: Another bacteria we are using, Bacillus subtilis, is classified as a Safety Group 1 organism by the National Institutes of Health, thus an “agent that is not associated with disease in healthy adult humans.” It has also been evaluated by the Environmental Protection Agency, and their conclusions were that it is not considered pathogenic to humans, animals, or plants as indicated here: (http://epa.gov/biotech_rule/pubs/fra/fra009.htm)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>2) Bacillus subtilis 168: Another bacteria we are using, Bacillus subtilis, is classified as a Safety Group 1 organism by the National Institutes of Health, thus an “agent that is not associated with disease in healthy adult humans.” It has also been evaluated by the Environmental Protection Agency, and their conclusions were that it is not considered pathogenic to humans, animals, or plants as indicated here: (http://epa.gov/biotech_rule/pubs/fra/fra009.htm)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>3) Escherichia coli BL21: The bacteria we used, BL21 electrocompetent E. coli, are non-pathogenic and unlikely to survive outside of a laboratory setting, thus not causing any ill effects if released by accident. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>3) Escherichia coli BL21: The bacteria we used, BL21 electrocompetent E. coli, are non-pathogenic and unlikely to survive outside of a laboratory setting, thus not causing any ill effects if released by accident.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Safety Concerns Concerning the CRISPR mechanism:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Safety Concerns Concerning the CRISPR mechanism:</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The Georgia Tech iGEM project involves utilizing CRISPR systems to decrease antibiotic resistance in bacteria, with possible future applications in human health. The CRISPR system is naturally prevalent in 40% of the bacterial population and hence it is highly unlikely that the genes under experimentation would cause adverse effects beyond what is already present in nature. The CRISPR system acts by increasing the resistance of the bacteria against plasmid uptake and phage attacks, which is unlikely to cause increased pathogenicity of the bacteria. Rather, since plasmids in nature can harbor antibiotic resistance genes or other genes that enable a bacterium to survive and propagate, decreasing plasmid uptake may actually decrease pathogenticity. Similarly, CRISPR’s resistance mechanism works only against nucleic acids, so adding it to new species will not enable that species to acquire resistance to antibiotics - which are typically small molecules, not nucleic acids. For the purposes of general safety, the manipulated CRISPR system will only target genes that have been specifically engineered for targeting and precautions have been taken to ensure that none of these should be detrimental to the community if released by accident.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The Georgia Tech iGEM project involves utilizing CRISPR systems to decrease antibiotic resistance in bacteria, with possible future applications in human health. The CRISPR system is naturally prevalent in 40% of the bacterial population and hence it is highly unlikely that the genes under experimentation would cause adverse effects beyond what is already present in nature. The CRISPR system acts by increasing the resistance of the bacteria against plasmid uptake and phage attacks, which is unlikely to cause increased pathogenicity of the bacteria. Rather, since plasmids in nature can harbor antibiotic resistance genes or other genes that enable a bacterium to survive and propagate, decreasing plasmid uptake may actually decrease pathogenticity. Similarly, CRISPR’s resistance mechanism works only against nucleic acids, so adding it to new species will not enable that species to acquire resistance to antibiotics - which are typically small molecules, not nucleic acids. For the purposes of general safety, the manipulated CRISPR system will only target genes that have been specifically engineered for targeting and precautions have been taken to ensure that none of these should be detrimental to the community if released by accident.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Security Risk <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">?</del>:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Security Risk :</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Our project promises of developing a CRISPR mechanism which could eliminate resistance from the inserted bacteria against a certain already present resistance. Although there is a potential to misuse any genetic modification experiment, the experimental product from this project will be highly regulated and will not pose any new security threat.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Our project promises of developing a CRISPR mechanism which could eliminate resistance from the inserted bacteria against a certain already present resistance. Although there is a potential to misuse any genetic modification experiment, the experimental product from this project will be highly regulated and will not pose any new security threat.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Biosafety Regulations at Georgia Institute of Technology:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Biosafety Regulations at Georgia Institute of Technology:</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Our project has been classified as biosafety level 1 as all of our organisms are “unlikely to cause human diseases” and the Occupational Health and Safety Committee and the Environmental Health and Safety Office of the Georgia Institute of Technology has approved Professor Eric Gaucher’s laboratory (the lab under which the GT iGEM 2011 team works) for Biosafety Level 1 Research and no concerns have been raised by the committee as regards to our project. As stated above, we have been in constant touch as regards to general lab safety with our department’s lab safety officer <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Mark </del>Pline and have adhered to all <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">th </del>basic safety protocols. Also, our project follows the guidelines laid out by the national safety guidelines as laid out by CDC here http://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5/index.htm. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Our project has been classified as biosafety level 1 as all of our organisms are “unlikely to cause human diseases” and the Occupational Health and Safety Committee and the Environmental Health and Safety Office of the Georgia Institute of Technology has approved Professor Eric Gaucher’s laboratory (the lab under which the GT iGEM 2011 team works) for Biosafety Level 1 Research and no concerns have been raised by the committee as regards to our project. As stated above, we have been in constant touch as regards to general lab safety with our department’s lab safety officer <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Marc </ins>Pline and have adhered to all <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the </ins>basic safety protocols. Also, our project follows the guidelines laid out by the national safety guidelines as laid out by CDC here http://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5/index.htm.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Also, as stated above in General lab safety, our project follows the policies and procedures governing the possession and use of Recombinant DNA as laid out by the Georgia Institute of Technology Institutional Biosafety Committee and as laid out in the document attached here: http://www.compliance.gatech.edu/forms/IBC/IBC_PP.pdf </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Also, as stated above in General lab safety, our project follows the policies and procedures governing the possession and use of Recombinant DNA as laid out by the Georgia Institute of Technology Institutional Biosafety Committee and as laid out in the document attached here: http://www.compliance.gatech.edu/forms/IBC/IBC_PP.pdf</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>As a final checkpoint, our proposal will be consistently and constantly verified in detail to ensure that every aspect complies with university and state safety regulations</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>As a final checkpoint, our proposal will be consistently and constantly verified in detail to ensure that every aspect complies with university and state safety regulations</div></td></tr>
</table>Hannahnkhttp://2011.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:GeorgiaTech/Safety&diff=91514&oldid=prevHannahnk: /* Safety */2011-08-29T02:29:09Z<p><span class="autocomment">Safety</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==Safety==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==Safety==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">This page </del>is <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">dedicated </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">answering questions on </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Safety|Safety Page]]</del>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Safety </ins>is <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">an important factor while conducting a lab experiment involving synthetic biology and utmost care should be taken such that any accidental or experimental mistakes do not harm the welfare of staff as well as the community. That is why, at Georgia Institute of Technology, safety procedures are in place </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">minimise </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">risk of mishaps in a laboratory</ins>. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#Would any </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">your project ideas raise </del>safety <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">issues </del>in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">terms </del>of<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">:</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">General Lab Safety: </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#:researcher safety</del>,</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The Georgia Tech iGEM 2011 team follows the guidelines as implemented by the university and all </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">its members have been trained in Lab Safety Protocols for this purpose. All the team members have been trained by the lab </ins>safety <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">officer </ins>in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">School </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Biology</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Mark Pline by conducting a presentation on general </ins>safety <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">in the lab</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> understanding material </ins>safety <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">data sheets, the meaning of various warning labels, such as those on refrigerators, waste disposal, and autoclaving techniques. </ins>The <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">GT iGEM team follows all the safety protocols and guidelines as described by the </ins>Georgia Tech <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Environmental Health & Safety here: http://www.ehs.gatech.edu/</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#:public </del>safety, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">or</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#:environmental </del>safety<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">?</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Also, our project follows the policies and procedures governing the possession and use of Recombinant DNA as laid out by the Georgia Institute of Technology Institutional Biosafety Committee and as laid out in the document attached here: http://www.compliance.gatech.edu/forms/IBC/IBC_PP.pdf</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#*</del>The Georgia Tech iGEM project involves <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">utilizing CRISPR systems </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">target antibiotic resistance </del>in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">bacteria </del>as a <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">possible application for future human health</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The </del>bacteria <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">that </del>we are using <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">is Streptococcus thermophilus</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a common bacteria which </del>is <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">used for production </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">yogurt </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">other diary products</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">All </del>bacteria <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">strains </del>used are non-pathogenic. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Further</del>, CRISPR system is naturally prevalent in 40% of the bacterial population and hence it is highly unlikely that the genes under experimentation would cause adverse effects. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">For proof </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">concept purposes</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">we will be using standard laboratory antibiotics: chloromphenicol kanamycin</del>, and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">amplicillin</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">All laboratory materials</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">both biological and chemical</del>, are <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">safely used in a Biosafety Level 1 laboratory setting</del>. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#Do any of </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">new BioBrick parts (or devices) that you made this year raise any </del>safety <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">issues? If yes</del>,</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Safety Issues Concerning the GT </ins>iGEM <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2011 CRISPR Project:</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">##Did you document these issues in </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Registry?</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">##How did you manage </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">handle </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">safety issue</del>?</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Environmental and Public Safety:</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">##How </del>could <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">other teams learn </del>from <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">your experience?</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#*The BioBrick </del>device <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">constructs contain an entire </del>CRISPR <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">system </del>from S.thermophilus<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">; none of these </del>have <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">known bio-</del>safety <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">issues</del>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Bacterial Strains Used:</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#Is there a local biosafety group, committee, or review board at your institution?</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#</del>:<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">If yes, what does your local biosafety group think about your project?</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1) Streptococcus thermophilus DGCC 7710: Our </ins>project involves <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the use of Streptococcus thermophilus, a gram-positive bacteria that is not known </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cause disease </ins>in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">humans. Although other members of its genus are pathogenic, S. thermophilus is completely safe, growing naturally in the human intestines, and is in fact added to yogurt </ins>as a <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">probiotic as indicated in the following link : (http://www</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">nature.com/index.html?file=/nbt/journal/v22/n12/full/nbt1034.html).</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#:If no, which specific </del>biosafety <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">rules or guidelines do you have </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">consider in your country?</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2) Bacillus subtilis 168: Another </ins>bacteria we are using, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Bacillus subtilis, </ins>is <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">classified as a Safety Group 1 organism by the National Institutes </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Health, thus an “agent that is not associated with disease in healthy adult humans.” It has also been evaluated by the Environmental Protection Agency, </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">their conclusions were that it is not considered pathogenic to humans, animals, or plants as indicated here: (http://epa</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">gov/biotech_rule/pubs/fra/fra009.htm)</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#*The </del>Occupational Health and Safety Committee and the Environmental Health and Safety Office of the Georgia Institute of Technology has approved Professor Eric Gaucher’s laboratory for Biosafety Level 1 Research.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3) Escherichia coli BL21: The </ins>bacteria <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">we </ins>used<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, BL21 electrocompetent E. coli, </ins>are non-pathogenic <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and unlikely to survive outside of a laboratory setting, thus not causing any ill effects if released by accident</ins>. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#Do you </del>have <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">any other ideas how </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">deal </del>with safety <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">issues that could be useful for future iGEM competitions?</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#</del>:<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">How could parts</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">devices </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">systems </del>be <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">made even safer through biosafety engineering?</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Safety Concerns Concerning the CRISPR mechanism:</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#*</del>Our group has discussed the sharp learning curve associated with having a young iGEM team with relatively little lab experience among them. All group members attended an institute biological laboratory safety class, but many things were learned along the way, specific to genetic engineering research. We would propose a collaboration of iGEM members to produce an online, visual, one-hour introductory course on the basic biosafety issues that could arise during the iGEM research process.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The Georgia Tech iGEM project involves utilizing CRISPR systems to decrease antibiotic resistance in bacteria</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">with possible future applications in human health. The </ins>CRISPR system is naturally prevalent in 40% of the bacterial population and hence it is highly unlikely that the genes under experimentation would cause adverse effects <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">beyond what is already present in nature</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The CRISPR system acts by increasing the resistance </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the bacteria against plasmid uptake and phage attacks</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">which is unlikely to cause increased pathogenicity of the bacteria. Rather</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">since plasmids in nature can harbor antibiotic resistance genes or other genes that enable a bacterium to survive </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">propagate, decreasing plasmid uptake may actually decrease pathogenticity</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> Similarly</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">CRISPR’s resistance mechanism works only against nucleic acids</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">so adding it to new species will not enable that species to acquire resistance to antibiotics - which </ins>are <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">typically small molecules, not nucleic acids</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> For </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">purposes of general </ins>safety, the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">manipulated CRISPR system will only target genes that have been specifically engineered for targeting and precautions have been taken to ensure that none of these should be detrimental </ins>to the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">community if released by accident.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Security Risk </ins>?<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">:</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Our project promises of developing a CRISPR mechanism which </ins>could <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">eliminate resistance </ins>from <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the inserted bacteria against a certain already present resistance. Although there is a potential to misuse any genetic modification experiment, the experimental product from this project will be highly regulated and will not pose any new security threat.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Biobrick Safety Considerations:</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Our submitted biobrick </ins>device <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">will consist of the </ins>CRISPR <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">locus taken </ins>from S. thermophilus<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. As the submitted biobrick will </ins>have <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a manipulated CRISPR mechanism which will only target the spacers inserted by our team, it will not pose any </ins>safety <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">risk as it will only carry out its intended purpose</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Biosafety Regulations at Georgia Institute of Technology</ins>:</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Our project has been classified as </ins>biosafety <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">level 1 as all of our organisms are “unlikely </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cause human diseases” and the </ins>Occupational Health and Safety Committee and the Environmental Health and Safety Office of the Georgia Institute of Technology has approved Professor Eric Gaucher’s laboratory <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(the lab under which the GT iGEM 2011 team works) </ins>for Biosafety Level 1 Research <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and no concerns have been raised by the committee as regards to our project</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">As stated above, we </ins>have <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">been in constant touch as regards </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">general lab safety </ins>with <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">our department’s lab </ins>safety <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">officer Mark Pline and have adhered to all th basic safety protocols. Also, our project follows the guidelines laid out by the national safety guidelines as laid out by CDC here http</ins>:<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">//www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5/index.htm. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Also</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">as stated above in General lab safety, our project follows the policies </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">procedures governing the possession and use of Recombinant DNA as laid out by the Georgia Institute of Technology Institutional Biosafety Committee and as laid out in the document attached here: http://www.compliance.gatech.edu/forms/IBC/IBC_PP.pdf </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">As a final checkpoint, our proposal will </ins>be <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">consistently and constantly verified in detail to ensure that every aspect complies with university and state safety regulations</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Combined efforts of all iGEM teams to ensure safety:</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Our group has discussed the sharp learning curve associated with having a young iGEM team with relatively little lab experience among them. All group members attended an institute biological laboratory safety class, but many things were learned along the way, specific to genetic engineering research. We would propose a collaboration of iGEM members to produce an online, visual, one-hour introductory course on the basic biosafety issues that could arise during the iGEM research process.</div></td></tr>
</table>Hannahnkhttp://2011.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:GeorgiaTech/Safety&diff=75404&oldid=prevPaul264: Reformatted Lists; Added Proper Headers2011-08-15T06:49:45Z<p>Reformatted Lists; Added Proper Headers</p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|[[Image:GeorgiaTech_logo.jpg|200px|right|frame]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{{GT</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">header}}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>{<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{GT</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">nav}</ins>}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|[[Image:GeorgiaTech_team.png|right|frame|Your team picture]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><!</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">-- The Mission, Experiments ---></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>{<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| style="color:#1b2c8a;background</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">color:#0c6;" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" border="1" bordercolor="#fff" width="62%" align="center"</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">!align="center"|[[Team:GeorgiaTech|Home]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">!align="center"|[[Team:GeorgiaTech/Team|Team]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2011&team_name=GeorgiaTech Official Team Profile]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">!align="center"|[[Team:GeorgiaTech/Project|Project]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">!align="center"|[[Team:GeorgiaTech/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">!align="center"|[[Team:GeorgiaTech/Modeling|Modeling]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">!align="center"|[[Team:GeorgiaTech/Notebook|Notebook]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">!align="center"|[[Team:GeorgiaTech/Safety|Safety]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">!align="center"|[[Team:GeorgiaTech/Attributions|Attributions]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|</del>}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==Safety==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==Safety==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>This page is dedicated to answering questions on the [[Safety | <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">safety page</del>]].</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>This page is dedicated to answering questions on the [[Safety|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Safety Page</ins>]].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1. Would any of your project ideas raise safety issues in terms of:</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">researcher safety,</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">public safety, or</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">environmental safety?</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The Georgia Tech iGEM project involves utilizing CRISPR systems to target antibiotic resistance in bacteria as a possible application for future human health. The bacteria that we are using is Streptococcus thermophilus, a common bacteria which is used for production of yogurt and other diary products. All bacteria strains used are non-pathogenic. Further, CRISPR system is naturally prevalent in 40% of the bacterial population and hence it is highly unlikely that the genes under experimentation would cause adverse effects. For proof of concept purposes, we will be using standard laboratory antibiotics: chloromphenicol kanamycin, and amplicillin. All laboratory materials, both biological and chemical, are safely used in a Biosafety Level 1 laboratory setting. </del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2. Do any of the new BioBrick parts (or devices) that you made this year raise any safety issues? If yes,</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Did you document these issues in the Registry?</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">How did you manage to handle the safety issue?</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">How could other teams learn from your experience?</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The BioBrick device constructs contain an entire CRISPR system from S.thermophilus; none of these have known bio-safety issues.</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3. Is there a local biosafety group, committee, or review board at your institution?</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">If yes, what does your local biosafety group think about your project?</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">If no, which specific biosafety rules or guidelines do you have to consider in your country?</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The Occupational Health and Safety Committee and the Environmental Health and Safety Office of the Georgia Institute of Technology has approved Professor Eric Gaucher’s laboratory for Biosafety Level 1 Research.</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4. Do you have any other ideas how to deal with safety issues that could be useful for future iGEM competitions? How could parts, devices and systems be made even safer through biosafety engineering?</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Our group has discussed the sharp learning curve associated with having a young iGEM team with relatively little lab experience among them. All group members attended an institute biological laboratory safety class, but many things were learned along the way, specific to genetic engineering research. We would propose a collaboration of iGEM members to produce an online, visual, one-hour introductory course on the basic biosafety issues that could arise during the iGEM research process.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#Would any of your project ideas raise safety issues in terms of:</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#:researcher safety,</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#:public safety, or</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#:environmental safety?</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#*The Georgia Tech iGEM project involves utilizing CRISPR systems to target antibiotic resistance in bacteria as a possible application for future human health. The bacteria that we are using is Streptococcus thermophilus, a common bacteria which is used for production of yogurt and other diary products. All bacteria strains used are non-pathogenic. Further, CRISPR system is naturally prevalent in 40% of the bacterial population and hence it is highly unlikely that the genes under experimentation would cause adverse effects. For proof of concept purposes, we will be using standard laboratory antibiotics: chloromphenicol kanamycin, and amplicillin. All laboratory materials, both biological and chemical, are safely used in a Biosafety Level 1 laboratory setting. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#Do any of the new BioBrick parts (or devices) that you made this year raise any safety issues? If yes,</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">##Did you document these issues in the Registry?</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">##How did you manage to handle the safety issue?</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">##How could other teams learn from your experience?</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#*The BioBrick device constructs contain an entire CRISPR system from S.thermophilus; none of these have known bio-safety issues.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#Is there a local biosafety group, committee, or review board at your institution?</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#:If yes, what does your local biosafety group think about your project?</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#:If no, which specific biosafety rules or guidelines do you have to consider in your country?</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#*The Occupational Health and Safety Committee and the Environmental Health and Safety Office of the Georgia Institute of Technology has approved Professor Eric Gaucher’s laboratory for Biosafety Level 1 Research.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#Do you have any other ideas how to deal with safety issues that could be useful for future iGEM competitions?</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#:How could parts, devices and systems be made even safer through biosafety engineering?</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#*</ins>Our group has discussed the sharp learning curve associated with having a young iGEM team with relatively little lab experience among them. All group members attended an institute biological laboratory safety class, but many things were learned along the way, specific to genetic engineering research. We would propose a collaboration of iGEM members to produce an online, visual, one-hour introductory course on the basic biosafety issues that could arise during the iGEM research process.</div></td></tr>
</table>Paul264http://2011.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:GeorgiaTech/Safety&diff=61095&oldid=prevKgriswold3 at 05:13, 2 August 20112011-08-02T05:13:01Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|[[Image:GeorgiaTech_team.png|right|frame|Your team picture]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|[[Image:GeorgiaTech_team.png|right|frame|Your team picture]]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|align="center"|[[Team:GeorgiaTech | Team Example]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|}</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><!--- The Mission, Experiments ---></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><!--- The Mission, Experiments ---></div></td></tr>
</table>Kgriswold3http://2011.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:GeorgiaTech/Safety&diff=61092&oldid=prevKgriswold3 at 05:12, 2 August 20112011-08-02T05:12:09Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">You are provided with this team page template with which to start the iGEM season. You may choose to personalize it to fit your team but keep the same "look." Or you may choose to take your team wiki to a different level and design your own wiki. You can find some examples <a href="https://2008.igem.org/Help:Template/Examples">HERE</a>.</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><div id="warning" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: small; color: #f6f6f6; padding: 5px;"></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">You <strong>MUST</strong> have a team description page, a project abstract, a complete project description, a lab notebook, and a safety page. PLEASE keep all of your pages within your teams namespace. </del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{|align="justify"</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|You can write a background of your team here. Give us a background of your team, the members, etc. Or tell us more about something of your choosing.</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|[[Image:GeorgiaTech_logo.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">png</del>|200px|right|frame]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''Tell us more about your project. Give us background. Use this is the abstract of your project. Be descriptive but concise (1-2 paragraphs)''</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|[[Image:GeorgiaTech_team.png|right|frame|Your team picture]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|[[Image:GeorgiaTech_team.png|right|frame|Your team picture]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>!align="center"|[[Team:GeorgiaTech|Home]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>!align="center"|[[Team:GeorgiaTech|Home]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>!align="center"|[[Team:GeorgiaTech/Team|Team]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>!align="center"|[[Team:GeorgiaTech/Team|Team]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2010</del>&team_name=GeorgiaTech Official Team Profile]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2011</ins>&team_name=GeorgiaTech Official Team Profile]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>!align="center"|[[Team:GeorgiaTech/Project|Project]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>!align="center"|[[Team:GeorgiaTech/Project|Project]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>!align="center"|[[Team:GeorgiaTech/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>!align="center"|[[Team:GeorgiaTech/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]</div></td></tr>
</table>Kgriswold3http://2011.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:GeorgiaTech/Safety&diff=33525&oldid=prevHannahnk: /* Safety */2011-07-10T18:39:49Z<p><span class="autocomment">Safety</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>4. Do you have any other ideas how to deal with safety issues that could be useful for future iGEM competitions? How could parts, devices and systems be made even safer through biosafety engineering?</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>4. Do you have any other ideas how to deal with safety issues that could be useful for future iGEM competitions? How could parts, devices and systems be made even safer through biosafety engineering?</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Our group has discussed the sharp learning curve associated with having a young iGEM team with relatively little lab experience among them. All group members attended an institute biological laboratory safety class, but many things were learned along the way, specific to genetic engineering research. We would propose a collaboration of iGEM members to produce an online, visual, one-hour introductory course on the basic biosafety issues that could arise during the iGEM research process.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Our group has discussed the sharp learning curve associated with having a young iGEM team with relatively little lab experience among them. All group members attended an institute biological laboratory safety class, but many things were learned along the way, specific to genetic engineering research. We would propose a collaboration of iGEM members to produce an online, visual, one-hour introductory course on the basic biosafety issues that could arise during the iGEM research process.</div></td></tr>
</table>Hannahnk