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| | <a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:DTU-Denmark-2/results/Proofofconcept/mammalian#Proof of concept" class="h1"> Proof of concept</a><br><br> | | <a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:DTU-Denmark-2/results/Proofofconcept/mammalian#Proof of concept" class="h1"> Proof of concept</a><br><br> |
| - | <a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:DTU-Denmark-2/results/Proofofconcept/mammalian#Device BBa_K678049" class="h2"> pJEJAM1 BBa_K678049</a><br><br> | + | <a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:DTU-Denmark-2/results/Proofofconcept/mammalian#Device BBa_K678049" class="h2"> pJEJAM1 <br> |
| - | <a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:DTU-Denmark-2/results/Proofofconcept/mammalian#Device BBa_K678050" class="h2"> pJEJAM2 BBa_K678050</a><br><br> | + | BBa_K678049</a><br><br> |
| - | <a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:DTU-Denmark-2/results/Proofofconcept/mammalian#Device BBa_K678051" class="h2"> pJEJAM3 BBa_K678051</a><br><br> | + | <a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:DTU-Denmark-2/results/Proofofconcept/mammalian#Device BBa_K678050" class="h2"> pJEJAM2 <br> |
| - | <a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:DTU-Denmark-2/results/Proofofconcept/mammalian#Device BBa_K678052" class="h2"> pJEJAM4 BBa_K678052</a><br><br> | + | BBa_K678050</a><br><br> |
| - | <a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:DTU-Denmark-2/results/Proofofconcept/mammalian#Device BBa_K678053" class="h2"> pJEJAM5 BBa_K678053</a><br><br> | + | <a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:DTU-Denmark-2/results/Proofofconcept/mammalian#Device BBa_K678051" class="h2"> pJEJAM3 <br> |
| | + | BBa_K678051</a><br><br> |
| | + | <a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:DTU-Denmark-2/results/Proofofconcept/mammalian#Device BBa_K678052" class="h2"> pJEJAM4 <br> |
| | + | BBa_K678052</a><br><br> |
| | + | <a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:DTU-Denmark-2/results/Proofofconcept/mammalian#Device BBa_K678053" class="h2"> pJEJAM5 <br> |
| | + | BBa_K678053</a><br><br> |
| | <a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:DTU-Denmark-2/results/Proofofconcept/mammalian#Play'n'Mix" class="h2"> Mix'n'Play</a><br><br> | | <a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:DTU-Denmark-2/results/Proofofconcept/mammalian#Play'n'Mix" class="h2"> Mix'n'Play</a><br><br> |
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| | <p align="justify"> | | <p align="justify"> |
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| - | A number of different plasmids were assembled by the Plug ‘n’ Play system in order to verify that the system functions in mammalian cells. To demonstrate how fast any vector of choice for the expression in mammalian cells can be assembled, we designed a reporter system as proof of concept. <br>
| + | Five different plasmids were assembled with the Plug ‘n’ Play standard in order to verify that the system functions in mammalian cells. To demonstrate how fast any vector of choice for the expression in mammalian cells can be assembled, we designed a reporter system as proof of concept. <br><br> |
| - | All the mammalian plasmids for proof of concept were constructed with the same strong constitutive cytomegalovirus (CMV) promotor, the BGH terminator, the marker cassette of Hygromycin, and the mammalian backbone , <a href="http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K678023"> BBa_K678023</a>. | + | The plasmids for proof of concept in mammalian cells were constructed with the strong constitutive <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_J52034">cytomegalovirus (CMV) promotor </a>, the <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678019">BGH terminator </a>, the <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678021">hygromycin marker cassette </a>, and the plasmid backbone <a href="http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K678023"> pMam</a>. |
| - | Different fluorescence reporter genes were used as the gene of interest. Furthermore, GFP was targeted to the peroxisomes to demonstrate that this reporter system is easily modified and can be suited for studies in gene expression. All transient transfections were performed in the human derived cell line U-2 OS, kindly given to us by the Danish Cancer Society. <br> | + | Different genes encoding fluorescent proteins were used as the gene of interest, and the reporter system can easily be modified to be used for gene expression analysis. All transient transfections were performed in the human derived cell line U-2 OS, kindly provided by the Danish Cancer Society. For microscopy the transfected U-2 OS cells were fixed using 4% formaldehyde, and VECTASHIELD was added to prevent rapid loss of fluorescence while examining the cells with the confocal microscope.<br><br> |
| - | We succeeded in proving that the Plug ‘n’ Play assembly system is easily applied for costruction of mammalian expression vectors. Transfection and expression of the fluorescence proteins GFP, mCherry, YFP, and CFP were successfully conducted in U-2 OS. Furthermore, expression of GFP targeted to the peroxisomes of U-2 OS cells succeeded. It was also shown that mammalian cells can be transfected with different fluorescence proteins at the same time. The transfected U-2 OS were fixed using 4% formaldehyde, and VECTASHIELD was added to prevent rapid loss of fluorescence while examining the cells with a confocal microscope.<br> | + | We have proved that the Plug ‘n’ Play assembly standard can easily be applied for construction of mammalian expression vectors. Transfections and expression of the fluorescent proteins GFP, mCherry, YFP, and CFP were successfully conducted in U-2 OS cells. Furthermore, expression of GFP targeted to the peroxisomes of U-2 OS cells succeeded. Lastly it was shown that mammalian cells can be transfected with different fluorescent proteins simultaneously. <br><br> |
| - | This reporter system could be used for localization of proteins to specific organelles, which would allow study of the organelles in real time. Further development of this system could lead to targeting of different compartments with different fluorescence proteins at the same time. | + | |
| | + | This reporter system could be further developed enabling the localization of proteins to specific organelles. Such a system would allow the study of organelles and other compartments in real time. |
| | | | |
| | </p> | | </p> |
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| | <br> | | <br> |
| | <a name="Device BBa_K678049"></a><h2>pJEJAM1 BBa_K678049</h2> | | <a name="Device BBa_K678049"></a><h2>pJEJAM1 BBa_K678049</h2> |
| - | <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678049">BBa_K678049</a> is a plasmid intended for transient transfection of mammalian cells. The expression of the green fluorescence protein is under the control of the strong constitutive CMV promoter, which can be seen in the figure below. | + | <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678049">pJEJAM1</a> is a plasmid intended for transient transfection of mammalian cells. The expression of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) is under the control of the strong constitutive CMV promoter, which can be seen in the figure below. |
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| | </tr> | | </tr> |
| | <tr> | | <tr> |
| - | <td>U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with plasmid <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678049"> BBa_K678049</a> expressing GFP. This vector provides a good expression and homogenous distribution of GFP. The white bar has a length of 20μm. </td> | + | <td>U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678049">pJEJAM1</a> expressing GFP. This plasmid provides a good expression and homogenous distribution of GFP. The white bar has a length of 20μm. </td> |
| - | <td>U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with pJEJAM1 expressing GFP. This vector provides a good expression and homogenous distribution of GFP. The white bar has a length of 20μm. </td> | + | <td>U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678049">pJEJAM1</a> expressing GFP. This plasmid provides a good expression and homogenous distribution of GFP. The white bar has a length of 20μm. </td> |
| | </tr> | | </tr> |
| | </table> | | </table> |
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| | <br><br> | | <br><br> |
| - | <a name="Device BBa_K678049"></a><h2>pJEJAM2 BBa_K678050</h2> | + | <a name="Device BBa_K678050"></a><h2>pJEJAM2 BBa_K678050</h2> |
| - | <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678050">BBa_K678050</a> is a plasmid intended for transient transfection of mammalian cells. The expression of the green fluorescence protein (GFP) is under the control of the strong constitutive CMV promoter (see the figure below. The peroxisomal targeting signal PTS1 is directly fused to the C-terminal of GFP, this sequence ensures the localization of GFP to the peroxisomes of the cell. | + | <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678050">pJEJAM2</a> is a plasmid intended for transient transfection of mammalian cells. The expression of GFP is under the control of the strong constitutive CMV promoter (see the figure below). The peroxisomal targeting signal PTS1 is directly fused to the C-terminal of GFP, this sequence should ensure the localization of GFP to the peroxisomes of the cell. Although the microscopy shows GFP distributed in points, further analysis are necessary to confirm that GFP is in fact is targeted to the peroxisomes. |
| | <br> | | <br> |
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| | </tr> | | </tr> |
| | <tr> | | <tr> |
| - | <td>U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with plasmid <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part: BBa_K678049"> BBa_K678050</a> expressing GFP localized to the peroxisomes. As can be seen on the picture this vector as intended localizes GFP to the peroxisomes of the cells. The white bar has a length of 30μm. </td> | + | <td>U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678050">pJEJAM2</a> expressing GFP localized to the peroxisomes. As can be seen on the picture this vector most likely localizes GFP to the peroxisomes of the cells. The white bar has a length of 30μm. </td> |
| | </tr> | | </tr> |
| | </table> | | </table> |
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| | <br><br> | | <br><br> |
| | <a name="Device BBa_K678051"></a><h2>pJEJAM3 BBa_K678051</h2> | | <a name="Device BBa_K678051"></a><h2>pJEJAM3 BBa_K678051</h2> |
| - | <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678051">BBa_K678051</a> is a plasmid intended for transient transfection of mammalian cells. The expression of the yellow fluorescence protein (YFP), is under the control of the strong constitutive CMV promoter (see the figure below). | + | <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678051">pJEJAM3</a> is a plasmid intended for transient transfection of mammalian cells. The expression of the yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), is under the control of the strong constitutive CMV promoter (see the figure below). |
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| | </tr> | | </tr> |
| | <tr> | | <tr> |
| - | <td>U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with plasmid <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678051"> BBa_K678051</a> expressing YFP. This vector provides a good expression and homogenous distribution of YFP. The white bar has a length of 40μm. </td> | + | <td>U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678051">pJEJAM4</a> expressing YFP. This vector provides a good expression and homogenous distribution of YFP. The white bar has a length of 40μm. </td> |
| - | <td>U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with plasmid <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678051"> BBa_K678051</a> expressing YFP. This vector provides a good expression and homogenous distribution of YFP. The white bar has a length of 30μm. </td> | + | <td>U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678051">pJEJAM4</a> expressing YFP. This vector provides a good expression and homogenous distribution of YFP. The white bar has a length of 30μm. </td> |
| | </tr> | | </tr> |
| | </table> | | </table> |
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| | <br><br> | | <br><br> |
| | <a name="Device BBa_K678052"></a><h2>pJEJAM4 BBa_K678052</h2> | | <a name="Device BBa_K678052"></a><h2>pJEJAM4 BBa_K678052</h2> |
| - | <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678052">BBa_K678052</a> is a plasmid intended for transient transfection of mammalian cells. The expression of mCherry, a red fluorescence protein, is under the control of the strong constitutive CMV promoter (see the figure below). | + | <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678052">pJEJAM4</a> is a plasmid intended for transient transfection of mammalian cells. The expression of mCherry, a red fluorescent protein, is under the control of the strong constitutive CMV promoter (see the figure below). |
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| | </tr> | | </tr> |
| | <tr> | | <tr> |
| - | <td>U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with plasmid <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678052"> BBa_K678052</a> expressing mCherry. This vector provides a good expression and homogenous distribution of mCherry. The white bar has a length of 70μm. </td> | + | <td>U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678052">pJEJAM4</a> expressing mCherry. This vector provides a good expression and homogenous distribution of mCherry. The white bar has a length of 70μm. </td> |
| - | <td>U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with plasmid <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678052"> BBa_K678052</a> expressing mCherry. This vector provides a good expression and homogenous distribution of mCherry. The white bar has a length of 50μm. </td> | + | <td>U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678052">pJEJAM4</a> expressing mCherry. This vector provides a good expression and homogenous distribution of mCherry. The white bar has a length of 50μm. </td> |
| | </tr> | | </tr> |
| | </table> | | </table> |
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| | <br><br> | | <br><br> |
| | <a name="Device BBa_K678053"></a><h2>pJEJAM5 BBa_K678053</h2> | | <a name="Device BBa_K678053"></a><h2>pJEJAM5 BBa_K678053</h2> |
| - | <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678053">BBa_K678053</a> is a plasmid intended for transient transfection of mammalian cells. The expression of cyan fluorescence protein (CFP), is under the control of the strong constitutive CMV promoter (see the figure below). | + | <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678053">pJEJAM5</a> is a plasmid intended for transient transfection of mammalian cells. The expression of cyan fluorescent protein (CFP), is under the control of the strong constitutive CMV promoter (see the figure below). |
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| | </tr> | | </tr> |
| | <tr> | | <tr> |
| - | <td>U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with plasmid <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678053"> BBa_K678053</a> expressing CFP. This vector provides a good expression and homogenous distribution of CFP. The white bar has a length of 70μm. </td> | + | <td>U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678053">pJEJAM5</a> expressing CFP. This vector provides a good expression and homogenous distribution of CFP. The white bar has a length of 70μm. </td> |
| - | <td>U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with plasmid pJEJAM5 expressing CFP. This vector provides a good expression and homogenous distribution of CFP. The white bar has a length of 50μm. </td> | + | <td>U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678053">pJEJAM5</a> expressing CFP. This vector provides a good expression and homogenous distribution of CFP. The white bar has a length of 50μm. </td> |
| | </tr> | | </tr> |
| | </table> | | </table> |
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| | <a name="Play'n'Mix"></a><h2>Mix'n'Play </h2> | | <a name="Play'n'Mix"></a><h2>Mix'n'Play </h2> |
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| - | Mammalian cells can be transiently transfected with several plasmids at once, allowing the simultaneous expression of different fluorescence proteins. The pictures below demonstrate different combinations of fluorescent proteins. | + | Mammalian cells can be transiently transfected with several plasmids at once, allowing the simultaneous expression of different fluorescent proteins. The pictures below demonstrate different combinations of fluorescent proteins. |
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| | <tr> | | <tr> |
| - | <td>U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with plasmids <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678050"> BBa_K678050</a> and <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678053"> BBa_K678053</a> expressing GFP localized to the peroxisomes and CFP. The white bar has a length of 30μm. </td> | + | <td>U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678050"> pJEJAM2</a> and <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678053"> pJEJAM5</a> expressing GFP localized to the peroxisomes and CFP , respectively. The white bar has a length of 30μm. </td> |
| - | <td>U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with plasmids <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678049"> BBa_K678049</a> and <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678053"> BBa_K678053</a> expressing GFP and CFP. The white bar has a length of 30μm. </td> | + | <td>U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678049"> pJEJAM1</a> and <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678053"> pJEJAM5</a> expressing GFP and CFP , respectively. The white bar has a length of 30μm. </td> |
| | </tr> | | </tr> |
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| | <tr> | | <tr> |
| - | <td>U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with plasmids <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678049"> BBa_K678049</a> and <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678052"> BBa_K678052</a> expressing GFP and mCherry. The white bar has a length of 70μm. </td> | + | <td>U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678049"> pJEJAM1</a> and <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678052"> pJEJAM4</a> expressing GFP and mCherry , respectively. The white bar has a length of 70μm. </td> |
| - | <td>U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with plasmids <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678052"> BBa_K678052</a> and <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678053"> BBa_K678053</a> expressing YFP and CFP. The white bar has a length of 40μm. </td> | + | <td>U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678052"> pJEJAM3</a> and <a href="http://partsregistry.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K678053"> pJEJAM5</a> expressing YFP and CFP , respectively. The white bar has a length of 40μm. </td> |
| | </tr> | | </tr> |
| | | | |
Proof of concept in mammalian cells
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Proof of concept
Five different plasmids were assembled with the Plug ‘n’ Play standard in order to verify that the system functions in mammalian cells. To demonstrate how fast any vector of choice for the expression in mammalian cells can be assembled, we designed a reporter system as proof of concept.
The plasmids for proof of concept in mammalian cells were constructed with the strong constitutive cytomegalovirus (CMV) promotor, the BGH terminator, the hygromycin marker cassette, and the plasmid backbone pMam.
Different genes encoding fluorescent proteins were used as the gene of interest, and the reporter system can easily be modified to be used for gene expression analysis. All transient transfections were performed in the human derived cell line U-2 OS, kindly provided by the Danish Cancer Society. For microscopy the transfected U-2 OS cells were fixed using 4% formaldehyde, and VECTASHIELD was added to prevent rapid loss of fluorescence while examining the cells with the confocal microscope.
We have proved that the Plug ‘n’ Play assembly standard can easily be applied for construction of mammalian expression vectors. Transfections and expression of the fluorescent proteins GFP, mCherry, YFP, and CFP were successfully conducted in U-2 OS cells. Furthermore, expression of GFP targeted to the peroxisomes of U-2 OS cells succeeded. Lastly it was shown that mammalian cells can be transfected with different fluorescent proteins simultaneously.
This reporter system could be further developed enabling the localization of proteins to specific organelles. Such a system would allow the study of organelles and other compartments in real time.
pJEJAM1 BBa_K678049
pJEJAM1 is a plasmid intended for transient transfection of mammalian cells. The expression of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) is under the control of the strong constitutive CMV promoter, which can be seen in the figure below.
 |
 |
| U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with pJEJAM1 expressing GFP. This plasmid provides a good expression and homogenous distribution of GFP. The white bar has a length of 20μm. |
U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with pJEJAM1 expressing GFP. This plasmid provides a good expression and homogenous distribution of GFP. The white bar has a length of 20μm. |
pJEJAM2 BBa_K678050
pJEJAM2 is a plasmid intended for transient transfection of mammalian cells. The expression of GFP is under the control of the strong constitutive CMV promoter (see the figure below). The peroxisomal targeting signal PTS1 is directly fused to the C-terminal of GFP, this sequence should ensure the localization of GFP to the peroxisomes of the cell. Although the microscopy shows GFP distributed in points, further analysis are necessary to confirm that GFP is in fact is targeted to the peroxisomes.
 |
| U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with pJEJAM2 expressing GFP localized to the peroxisomes. As can be seen on the picture this vector most likely localizes GFP to the peroxisomes of the cells. The white bar has a length of 30μm. |
pJEJAM3 BBa_K678051
pJEJAM3 is a plasmid intended for transient transfection of mammalian cells. The expression of the yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), is under the control of the strong constitutive CMV promoter (see the figure below).
 |
 |
| U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with pJEJAM4 expressing YFP. This vector provides a good expression and homogenous distribution of YFP. The white bar has a length of 40μm. |
U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with pJEJAM4 expressing YFP. This vector provides a good expression and homogenous distribution of YFP. The white bar has a length of 30μm. |
pJEJAM4 BBa_K678052
pJEJAM4 is a plasmid intended for transient transfection of mammalian cells. The expression of mCherry, a red fluorescent protein, is under the control of the strong constitutive CMV promoter (see the figure below).
 |
 |
| U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with pJEJAM4 expressing mCherry. This vector provides a good expression and homogenous distribution of mCherry. The white bar has a length of 70μm. |
U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with pJEJAM4 expressing mCherry. This vector provides a good expression and homogenous distribution of mCherry. The white bar has a length of 50μm. |
pJEJAM5 BBa_K678053
pJEJAM5 is a plasmid intended for transient transfection of mammalian cells. The expression of cyan fluorescent protein (CFP), is under the control of the strong constitutive CMV promoter (see the figure below).
 |
 |
| U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with pJEJAM5 expressing CFP. This vector provides a good expression and homogenous distribution of CFP. The white bar has a length of 70μm. |
U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with pJEJAM5 expressing CFP. This vector provides a good expression and homogenous distribution of CFP. The white bar has a length of 50μm. |
Mix'n'Play
Mammalian cells can be transiently transfected with several plasmids at once, allowing the simultaneous expression of different fluorescent proteins. The pictures below demonstrate different combinations of fluorescent proteins.
 |
 |
| U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with pJEJAM2 and pJEJAM5 expressing GFP localized to the peroxisomes and CFP, respectively. The white bar has a length of 30μm. |
U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with pJEJAM1 and pJEJAM5 expressing GFP and CFP, respectively. The white bar has a length of 30μm. |
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| U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with pJEJAM1 and pJEJAM4 expressing GFP and mCherry, respectively. The white bar has a length of 70μm. |
U-2 OS cells transiently transfected with pJEJAM3 and pJEJAM5 expressing YFP and CFP, respectively. The white bar has a length of 40μm. |
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