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Introduction
Regardless the heated discussion atmosphere around the synthetic biology, few systematic surveys in this field has been conducted, especially in Asia. In this case, the iGEM2011 HKUST Team with the help of their Austrian partners, Markus Schmidt and Lei Pei, of IDC and Biofaction , launched this survey, treating Hong Kong as a starting point, trying to get the public perception of synthetic biology, especially in Asia, and the key factors influencing this impression. This report is treated as a snapshot of the response got so far to see if this online survey system can work well.
The result shows that this online survey system can be adaptable, but should be spread more widely on the Internet and supported with more distributed hard copies to make the data more valid and reliable. And two major hypotheses have been obtained from this snapshot analysis. The first is that the public in HK tend to have a positive but close to natural perception of the synthetic biology, showing relatively conservative attitudes. Second, the general publics are very likely to know little about the synthetic biology, which probably has a positive correlation with their overall impression about this new technology. However, notwithstanding this lack of knowledge, the general awareness of the possible risks is nearly at the same level, and the opinions on the future development of this technology are similar. Finding Three is that the public are more inclined to accept the synthetic biology product when it has a big price advantage over the ordinary product.
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Discussion
- Effectiveness and Feasibility for Further Spreading
To get more effective and valid results, a more widely distributed online survey should be launched and more hard copies should be distributed randomly to the general public. Originally, the form thought to be adapted for this survey is the online version for the easiness to collect mass responses and unlimited access to the Internet. But the results here show that the online form has a strong inherent bias in the respondents, especially in fields like education and age when the distribution range is relatively small. So a solution for this is to still use the online version as a data input agent, but the link should be spread more widely on the Internet, accompanying with bigger range of field surveys.
- The Effectiveness of the Parameters in Part Two
The variances in the personal background in this set of data do not show significant difference. The inherent problems of the online survey may contribute a lot, but the effectiveness of the parameters is also in doubt. However, this should be further checked with the results from the more widely spread survey
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Major Hypotheses from the Snapshot Results
Although the influence of the parameters about the personal information cannot be counted a lot in the analysis due to the relatively big bias, the interaction between the targets of the questions can still give some meaningful hypotheses regarding the factors influencing the general public’s perception about the synthetic biology. To sum up, there are three major findings or possible hypotheses from this snapshot.
First of all, the overall impression about the synthetic biology in HK is more likely to be positive according to the data, but close to neutral. This probably shows a general conservative attitude towards the synthetic biology among the general public in Hong Kong since the variance for each parameter is small regardless the bias.
Secondly, the general publics in HK tend to know little about the synthetic biology and that possibly affects their perception of the synthetic biology, but does not have much impact on their foresight for its potential risks and future development. Although the overall responses for heard of the term “synthetic biology” is nearly 50%, seldom actually know what the synthetic biology is and spare special concerns (measured as the frequency respondents talked or searched about the synthetic biology) in this this field. The tiny difference of the scores in Q12 between the groups, who have heard of the synthetic biology and the groups not is a kind of effective support for that.
However, the mean score of Q12 is significantly higher in groups who frequently confronted the information about the synthetic biology (F+ group) than others. Also, this “F+ group” show higher confidence towards the potential benefits brought by the synthetic biology (Q5) and fewer tendencies to the tight regulation of the synthetic biology (Q10). And according to the analysis, these two features are very closely related to the higher overall impression score of the synthetic biology (Q11). Then, that should be modestly surprising to see that this “F+ group” holds more positive attitudes towards the synthetic biology.
This tendency is somehow contrary to the familiarity hypothesis (Kahan et al. 2008a; Macoubrie 2006) and the conclusion from the US synthetic biology survey (Pauwels E. et.al. 2009). One possible explanation for this is that the spreading of the idea of the synthetic biology is so low in HK that the major problem faced by the public is the lack of information about the synthetic biology. The mysterious feeling towards this new technology outweighs the tradeoff effects between the benefits and risks when asking for its perception. In this case, the clearness of the mysteries will help to increase the support a bit. The highest concerns and curiosity about the “scientific processes and techniques of the synthetic biology” in Q4 can also be a side support for the relative blankness of the public’s knowledge for the synthetic biology.
Despite the obvious difference in the responses for Q5, Q10, Q11 and Q12 between the “F+ group” and the other groups, there is no differential pattern for their opinions on the possible risks and the future development. All respondents are more inclined to trust the experts and scientific evidence rather than base on the social concerns about the thoughts of the majority when deciding the future development of the synthetic biology, and “uncontrollable results may be generated” and “the abuse of the technology by the terrorists” are the top worries for most people. This may prove that the public’s imagination of these two factors are similar regardless their different familiarity with the synthetic biology. The finding from the US synthetic biology survey (Pauwels E. et.al. 2009) that people tend to use the other biological technologies like stem cell technology and genetic engineering as references when dealing with some issues about the synthetic biology may be a possible explanation for this.
The third finding is about the price influence on the acceptance of the synthetic biology product (Q7). The public turns out to be more acceptable to the synthetic biology product if an enough strong price advantage of the synthetic biology product is shown. Although more than 80% respondents choose the ordinary product when the two products are of the same price, only one-third stick to their choice when a more favorable is introduced to the synthetic biology product. And this pattern is independent of the other questions in Part One according to the quantitative testing, but the influence of the parameters in unknown due to the biases.
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Acknowledgement
For successfully completing this snapshot survey report, the heartfelt thanks should give to the people below for their continuous support and guidance to this synthetic biology survey:
Mr Markus SCHMIDT and Mr Lei PEI, from IDC and
Biofaction
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST)
Professor King L. CHOW, from the Department of Life Science in HKUST
Professor Michelle YIK, from the Department of Social Science in HKUST
Mr ZENG Jin, Teaching Assistant from the Department of Social Science in HKUST
The Hong Kong Institute of Engineers (HKIE)
The Hong Kong Teachers’ Association (HKTA)
Members and Advisors of the iGEM2011 HKUST Team
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For a complete survery report, please click here to download the PDF file.
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