Team:Tsinghua-A/Safety/HP

From 2011.igem.org

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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0.05cm; margin-bottom: 0.05cm"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT SIZE=4><SPAN LANG="en-US"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT FACE="Arial, serif">Background</FONT></FONT></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="text-decoration: none"><FONT COLOR="#99284c"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=4 STYLE="font-size: 16pt"><SPAN LANG="en-US"><SPAN STYLE="background: #ffffff">NOTICE:
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please enable the pdf_application PlugIns to load this page</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-left: 1.06cm; margin-top: 0.05cm; margin-bottom: 0.05cm">
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<P>魏磊,你编完后,把这段中文删了。。。上传pdf并将下面的链接替换即可,</P>
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<FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><SPAN LANG="en-US"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT FACE="Arial, serif">The
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<P ALIGN=CENTER><embed id="e" width="900" height="1200" type="application/pdf" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/e/ec/TestPDF.pdf"></embed></P>
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ideas of electronic circuit based design have long been a part of the
 +
fundamental research since the very beginning of synthetic biology.
 +
However, as the scale of designs becomes larger and larger,
 +
researchers start to find it difficult to adapt those ideas of
 +
circuits to the biological system, in which two main properties
 +
bottleneck the realization of these ideas. </FONT></FONT></SPAN></FONT></FONT>
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</P>
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<P STYLE="margin-left: 1.06cm; margin-top: 0.05cm; margin-bottom: 0.05cm">
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<FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><SPAN LANG="en-US"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT FACE="Arial, serif">First,
 +
biological reactions are considerably much slower, when compared with
 +
circuits, thus less possible to analogize the electronic components. </FONT></FONT></SPAN></FONT></FONT>
 +
</P>
 +
<P STYLE="margin-left: 1.06cm; margin-top: 0.05cm; margin-bottom: 0.05cm">
 +
<FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><SPAN LANG="en-US"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT FACE="Arial, serif">Second,
 +
synthetic biology fails to get the concept &lsquo;wire&rsquo;
 +
introduced, due to the liquid environment of biological reaction,
 +
which decrease both the quality and the quantity of signals.</FONT></FONT></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-left: 1.06cm; margin-top: 0.05cm; margin-bottom: 0.05cm">
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<FONT COLOR="#000000"> <FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><SPAN LANG="en-US"><FONT FACE="Arial, serif">In
 +
this passage, we, with the consideration of the basic analysis method
 +
in information science, try to propose some new perspectives on the
 +
combination of synthetic biology and electronics.</FONT></FONT></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
 +
<P STYLE="margin-top: 0.05cm; margin-bottom: 0.05cm"><BR><BR>
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</P>
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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0.05cm; margin-bottom: 0.05cm"><BR><BR>
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</P>
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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0.05cm; margin-bottom: 0.05cm"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT SIZE=4><SPAN LANG="en-US"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT FACE="Arial, serif">Bottom-up
 +
Method</FONT></FONT></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0.05cm; margin-bottom: 0.05cm"><BR><BR>
 +
</P>
 +
<P STYLE="margin-left: 1.09cm; margin-top: 0.05cm; margin-bottom: 0.05cm">
 +
<FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><SPAN LANG="en-US"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT FACE="Arial, serif">In
 +
modern electronics, people rarely focus on the detail of a particular
 +
component when designing systems, for these single components have
 +
already been well-characterized and standardized. All that requires
 +
is innovating rather than just repeating. When it comes to biology,
 +
we are surprised to find that some basic parts, such as AND gate,
 +
register and toggle switch, have been applied to genetic machines.
 +
While, there is still a far way to go.</FONT></FONT></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
 +
<P STYLE="margin-left: 1.09cm; margin-top: 0.05cm; margin-bottom: 0.05cm">
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<BR><BR>
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</P>
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<OL TYPE=a>
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<LI><P STYLE="margin-top: 0.05cm; margin-bottom: 0.05cm"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT SIZE=3 STYLE="font-size: 13pt"><SPAN LANG="en-US"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT FACE="Arial, serif">Reaction
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rate</FONT></FONT></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
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</OL>
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<P STYLE="margin-left: 2.55cm; margin-top: 0.05cm; margin-bottom: 0.05cm">
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<FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><SPAN LANG="en-US"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT FACE="Arial, serif">Usually,
 +
the reactions of protein expressing cost a period on the scale of
 +
hours, which is disappointing when thinking in an electronic way.
 +
Fortunately, the rate of protein-protein interaction (PPI) is
 +
relatively fast, which makes us feel optimistic. The potential of
 +
these &lsquo;high-speed&rsquo; reactions is to be explored.</FONT></FONT></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
 +
<P STYLE="margin-left: 2.55cm; margin-top: 0.05cm; margin-bottom: 0.05cm">
 +
<FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT SIZE=3><SPAN LANG="en-US"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT FACE="Arial, serif">On
 +
the other side, a low rate does make a difference in some aspects,
 +
especially in those need delay. Capacitors is widely used in
 +
sequential circuits like oscillator and trigger in order to realize
 +
delay, correspondingly, the low rate in biological reaction shows its
 +
preeminence in forming delay, thus easy to establish a inertia
 +
system.</FONT></FONT></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
 +
<P STYLE="margin-left: 2.55cm; margin-top: 0.05cm; margin-bottom: 0.05cm">
 +
<BR><BR>
 +
</P>
 +
<OL TYPE=a START=2>
 +
<LI><P STYLE="margin-top: 0.05cm; margin-bottom: 0.05cm"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT SIZE=3 STYLE="font-size: 13pt"><SPAN LANG="en-US"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT FACE="Arial, serif">Independent
 +
signals</FONT></FONT></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
 +
</OL>
 +
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left: 2.55cm; margin-top: 0.05cm; margin-bottom: 0.05cm">
 +
<FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><SPAN LANG="en-US"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT FACE="Arial, serif">To
 +
overcome the interference of signals in liquid and simulate the
 +
function of wires in circuits, we put forward some solutions.
 +
Different populations of bacteria communicate under a variety of
 +
signal molecules, each independent with others. Whereas, it&rsquo;s
 +
not as easy when the amount of signals increases, for that molecules
 +
should maintain orthogonality. </FONT></FONT></SPAN></FONT></FONT>
 +
</P>
 +
<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left: 2.55cm; margin-top: 0.05cm; margin-bottom: 0.05cm">
 +
<FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><SPAN LANG="en-US"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT FACE="Arial, serif">In
 +
our further research, we try to utilize microfluidical chips, which
 +
aim at separating signals and transmitting information through
 +
physical isolation, to achieve the independence of biological
 +
reactions.</FONT></FONT></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
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Revision as of 06:45, 3 October 2011

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Safety Section

Safety Q&A | Human Practice



Background



The ideas of electronic circuit based design have long been a part of the fundamental research since the very beginning of synthetic biology. However, as the scale of designs becomes larger and larger, researchers start to find it difficult to adapt those ideas of circuits to the biological system, in which two main properties bottleneck the realization of these ideas.

First, biological reactions are considerably much slower, when compared with circuits, thus less possible to analogize the electronic components.

Second, synthetic biology fails to get the concept ‘wire’ introduced, due to the liquid environment of biological reaction, which decrease both the quality and the quantity of signals.

In this passage, we, with the consideration of the basic analysis method in information science, try to propose some new perspectives on the combination of synthetic biology and electronics.





Bottom-up Method



In modern electronics, people rarely focus on the detail of a particular component when designing systems, for these single components have already been well-characterized and standardized. All that requires is innovating rather than just repeating. When it comes to biology, we are surprised to find that some basic parts, such as AND gate, register and toggle switch, have been applied to genetic machines. While, there is still a far way to go.



  1. Reaction rate

Usually, the reactions of protein expressing cost a period on the scale of hours, which is disappointing when thinking in an electronic way. Fortunately, the rate of protein-protein interaction (PPI) is relatively fast, which makes us feel optimistic. The potential of these ‘high-speed’ reactions is to be explored.

On the other side, a low rate does make a difference in some aspects, especially in those need delay. Capacitors is widely used in sequential circuits like oscillator and trigger in order to realize delay, correspondingly, the low rate in biological reaction shows its preeminence in forming delay, thus easy to establish a inertia system.



  1. Independent signals

To overcome the interference of signals in liquid and simulate the function of wires in circuits, we put forward some solutions. Different populations of bacteria communicate under a variety of signal molecules, each independent with others. Whereas, it’s not as easy when the amount of signals increases, for that molecules should maintain orthogonality.

In our further research, we try to utilize microfluidical chips, which aim at separating signals and transmitting information through physical isolation, to achieve the independence of biological reactions.