• 
• Home
• Project
  • Hunger
  • Hunger Modeling
  • Capture
  • Digestion
  • Digestion Modeling
• Consideration
  • Safety
  • Human Practice
• Method
  • Parts
  • Protocol
  • Material
• Team
• Notebook
  • Lab Work
  • Diary
• Acknowledgement
• Criteria

Protocol

Cloning

PCR

PCR: ToYoBo KOD FX or ToYoBo KOD PLUS

1. Dilute template DNA. If the concentration of DNA is 2-100ng/µL, transfer 1µL to a clean tube and add 99µL MilliQ.
2. Dilute Primer. If the concentration of Primer is XµM, dilute primer X timers and transfer 1µL to a clean tube and add 99µL MilliQ.
3. Mix the following.
   1. For use of KOD plus ver2

      25mM MgSO4   3µL

      2mM dNTPs   5µL

      10xBuffer for KOD plus ver.2   5µL

      Template DNA (5ng/µL)   5µL

      Primer Forward (10µM)   1.5µL

      Primer Reverse (10µM)   1.5µL

      KOD plus ver.2   1µL

      MilliQ   28µL

      Total   50µL

   2. For use of KOD FX

      2mM dNTPs   10µL

      2xBuffer for KOD FX   25µL

      Template DNA   5µL

      Primer Forward (10µM)   1.5µL

      Primer Reverse (10µM)   1.5µL

      KOD FX   1µL

      MilliQ   6µL

      Total   50µL

4. Let stand for 2min at 94℃.
5. 25-40 cycles for 10s at 98℃, for 30s at Tm-5℃, and for 1min (1min for 1kb) at 68℃ (Tm is temparature at which primer will dissolve).
6. Agarose Gel Electrophoresis for confirmation.

PCR: Takara Ex taq

1. Mix the following (Do on PCR Bench).

   10x PCR buffer (TAKARA)   40µL

   2.5mM dNTP   8µL

   Primer-1 (10pmol/µL)   8µL

   Primer-2 (10pmol/µL)   8µL

   Ex Taq HS (TAKARA)   1.6µL

   MilliQ   334µL (to total 400µL)

2. Dispense 25µL to 15 tubes.
3. Pick a single colony and transfer it to each tubes.
4. Suspend the colony.
5. Let stand for 10min at 90℃.
6. 35 cycles for 30s at 94℃, for 30s 55℃, and for 1min at 72℃.
7. Let stand for 4min at 72℃.
8. Add 5mL Loading Buffer to the tubes.
9. Agalose Gel Electrophoresis for confirmation.
10. Negative Control: Use nothing.
11. Positive Control: Use a colony that will yield a product with this primers.

Making Competent cells

1. Streak E.coli cells on an LB plate; (BL21(DE3)LysS cells on LB plate+34 mg/ml chloramphenicol)
2. Allow cells to grow at 37oC overnight
3. Place one colony in 10 mL LB media (+antibiotic selection if necessary), grow overnight at 37oC
4. Take 2 ml LB media and save for blank. Transfer 5 mL overnight DH5a culture into 500 mL LB media in 3 L flask
5. Allow cell to grow at 37oC (250 rpm), until OD600= 0.4 (~2-3 hours)
6. Transfer cells to 2 centrifuge bottles (250 mL), and place cells on ice for 20 mins
7. Centrifuge cells in Sorval GSA rotor at 4oC for 10 mins at 3,000 g.
   Subsequent resuspensions may be done in the same bottle. Cells must remain cold for the rest of the procedure: Transport tubes on ice and resuspend on ice in the cold room
8. Pour off media and resuspend cells in 30 mL of cold 0.1 M CaCl2. Transfer the suspended cells into 50 mL polypropylene falcon tubes, and incubate on ice for 30 mins
9. Centrifuge cells using Sorval RT6000B rotor at 4oC for 10 mins at 3,000 g (2500 rpm)
10. Pour supernatant and resuspend cells (by pipetting) in 8 mL cold 0.1M CaCl2 containing 15% glycerol. Transfer 140 mL into (1.5 mL) Ependorff tubes placed on ice. Freeze the cells in liquid nitrogen. Cells stored at -80oC can be used for transformation for up to ~6 months

Miniprep

1. Use QIAprep Spin Miniprep Kit Cat. No. 27104 by QIAGEN
2. Pick a single colony from a freshly streaked selective plate and inoculate a culture of about 3mL LB medium containing the appropriate selective antibiotic.
3. Incubate at 170rpm for 8h at 37℃ with vigorous shaking.
4. Transfer a half of the culture to a tube.
5. Harvest the bacterial cells by centrifugation at 14,000g for 1min at 4℃. Remove the medium by decanting.
6. Transfer the half of the culture to same tube and harvest as same. Remove the medium by pippetting.
7. Resuspend pelleted bacterial cells in 250µL Buffer P1 and mix thoroughly by pippeting.
8. Add 250µL Buffer P2 and mix thoroughly by inverting the tube gently 4-6 times.
9. Add 350µL Buffer N3 and mix immediately and thoroughly by inverting the tube 4-6 times.
10. Centrifuge for 10min at 14,000g at 4℃.
11. Apply the supernatants from step 10 to the QIAprep spin column by pipetting.
12. Centrifuge for 10s in a table-top microcentrifuge. Discard the flow-through.
13. Wash the QIAprep spin column by adding 0.5mL Buffer PB and centrifuging for 10s in a table-top microcentrifuge. Discard the flow-through.
14. Wash QIAprep spin column by adding 0.65mL Buffer PeE and centrifuging fo 10s in a table-top microcentrifuge.
15. Discard the flow-through, and centrifuge for and additional 1min to remove residual wash buffer.
16. Place the QIAprep column in a clean tube. To elute DNA, add 50µL water to the center of each QIAprep spin column, let stand for 1min, and centrifuge for 1min.
17. Discard the QIAprep spin column.
18. Measure the concentration of DNA by using eppendorf BioPhotometer plus.
19. Restriction Digestion.
20. Agarose Gel Electrophoresis for Confirmation.

Ethanol Precipitation

1. Use Ethachinmate (NIPPON GENE、312-01791).
2. Add 3.3 µL of 3M Sodium Acetate (attached with Ethachinmate) into 100µL of DNA solution.
3. Add 1µL of Ethachinmate.
4. Vortex.
5. Add ethanol, 200-250µL.
6. Vortex.
7. Centrifuge at 12000xg for 5min.
8. Precipitation.

Elecrophoresis

1. Prepare 200mL of a 1.0% agarose solution:
2. Measure 2.0g agarose into a beaker.
3. Add 200mL 1xTAE buffer.
4. Wrap the top of the beaker with plastic wrap.
5. Punch a hole through the wrap with a pipette tip (To let out steam).
6. Dissolve the agarose by heating in microwave and swirling without boiling.
7. Allow the agarose to cool.
8. Pour the agarose solution into a gel tray on a gel maker.
9. If there is air bubbles, pushing them with a pipette tip.
10. Place comb in the maker.
11. Cover the maker with a plastic wrap.
12. Let stand for about 45min.
13. Remove the comb carefully.
14. Store in the Tupperware in the refrigerator.
15. Place the tray in electrophoresis chamber.
16. Cover the tray with 1xTAE buffer.
17. To prepare samples for electrophoresi, add 1µL of 6x Loading Buffer for every 5µL of DNA solution and mix well.
18. Load 6µL of the DNA solution per well.
19. Electrophorese at 100V for about 30min until Loading Buffer have migrated approximately three-quaters of the gel.
20. Stain the gel in 0.5µg/mL ethidium bromide for 20-30min.
21. Rinse the gel with MilliQ.
22. Place a plastic wrap on the transilluminator in the cabinet of Printgraph.
23. Place the gel on the transilluminator.
24. Turn on the transilluminator and confirm the position of the gel.
25. Shoot the picture.
26. Turn off the transilluminator.
27. Dispose of the gel.

Binding assays

Ligation

1. Make 2µL of Mixture (the vector and the insert at 1 : 5-10) and Control (only the vector).
2. Add 5µL Ligation High, 1µL T4 Kinase, and 7µL MilliQ to create a solution.
3. Incubate at 16℃ for 30 min. If the colonies of E.coli transformed with the Control

Restrictive Digestion

1. Use EcoRI, XbaI, SpeI, PstI, (NEB)
2. Mix the following.

   Sample	5µL
   10xBuffer	1µL
   Restriction Enzyme	0.1µL
   MilliQ	-3.9µL

3. Let stand for 2h at 37℃

Medium

Medium for drosophila

[http://www.biol.se.tmu.ac.jp/fly/www/standard-medium.html Medium for drosophila]

Materials	Methods
water : 500 mL dry yeast : 20 g corn flour : 45 g glucose : 50 g agarose : 3.5~5 g propionic acid : 1.5 mL 10 % p-hydroxybenzoate in 70 % Eternol : 5 g	Stir dry yeast and agarose with about two-thirds of water. Then, autoclave it. Stir corn flour and glucose with the remaining water. Stir 1 and 2, then autoclave it again. after autoclave, add propionic acid and 10 % p-hydroxybenzoate in 70 % Eternol into it.■

M9 medium

Materials	Methods
water : 1 L Na2HPO4: 6 g KH2PO4 : 3 g NaCl : 0.5 g NH4Cl : 1 g 100 mM MgSO4 : 10 ml 20 % glucose : 10 mL 10 mM CaCl2 : 10 ml 100 mM thiamine-HCl : 10 ml 20 % casamino acid : 10 ml	Stir Na2HPO4, KH2PO4, NaCl and NH4Cl with water. After autoclave, add 10 ml filter sterilized 100 mM MgSO4, 20 % glucose, 10 mM CaCl2, 100 mM thiamine-HCl. If you need, add 10 ml filter sterilized 20 % casamino acid.

LB medium

Materials	Methods
water : 1 L Tryptone: 10 g Yeast extract : 5 g NaCl : 10 g Agar : 15g	Stir Tryptone, Yeast extract and NaCl with water. If you make LB plates, add agar. Autoclave.

SOB medium

Materials	Methods
water : 100 mL Tryptone: 2 g Yeast extract : 0.5 g 5 M NaCl : 200 ul 3 M KCl : 84 ul 1 M MgSO4 : 1 ml 1 M MgCl2 : 1 ml	Stir Tryptone and Yeast extract with water. Add 200 ul 5 M NaCl and 84 ul 3 M KCl. After autoclave, add 1 ml filter sterilized 10 mM MgSO4 and 10 mM MgCl2.

SOC medium

Materials	Methods
SOB : 100 ml 2 M glucose: 1 ml	Add 2 M glucose to 100 ml SOB.

Buffer TB

Materials	Methods
water : 200 ml PIPES : 3 g CaCl2・2H2O : 0.22 g 3 M KCl : 8.315 ml KOH MnCl2・4H2O : 1.09 g	Stir PIPES and CaCl2・2H2O with 100 ml water. Add 8.315 ml 3 M KCl. Add KOH and adjust pH 6.8. Add MnCl2・4H2O. Add water up to 200 ml. Filter sterilize

DNS reaegnt

Materials	Methods
4.5% NaOH : 30 ml 1% DNS : 88 ml Rochelle salt : 25.5 g 10% NaOH : 2.2 ml Phenol : 1 g Water : 7.8 ml NaHCO3 : 0.69 g	Add 1% DNS 88ml and Rochelle salt 25.5 g to 4.5% NaOH 30 ml (A solution) Add Phenol 1 g and water 7.8 ml to 10% NaOH 2.2 ml (B solution) Add NaHCO3 6.9g to B solution 6.9 ml Add A solution 118ml to B solution 6.9 ml Leave 2 days Store in brown bottle

以下昨年度のコピペのため一部変更必要

Standard PCR

1. Dilute template DNA. If the concentration of DNA is 2-100ng/µL, transfer 1µL to a clean tube and add 99µL MilliQ.
2. Dilute Primer. If the concentration of Primer is XµM, dilute primer X timers and transfer 1µL to a clean tube and add 99µL MilliQ.
3. Mix the following.
   1. For use of KOD plus ver2:

      25mM MgSO4	3µL
      2mM dNTPs	5µL
      10xBuffer for KOD plus ver.2	5µL
      Template DNA (5ng/µL)	5µL
      Primer Forward (10µM)	1.5µL
      Primer Reverse (10µM)	1.5µL
      KOD plus ver.2	1µL
      MilliQ	28µL
      Total	50µL

   2. For use of KOD FX:

      2mM dNTPs	10µL
      2xBuffer for KOD FX	25µL
      Template DNA	5µL
      Primer Forward (10µM)	1.5µL
      Primer Reverse (10µM)	1.5µL
      KOD FX	1µL
      MilliQ	6µL
      Total	50µL

4. (If amplification is not succeeded, try at 4.5 or 6.0µL 25mM MgSO4.)
5. Let stand for 2min at 94℃.
6. 25-40 cycles for 10s at 98℃, for 30s at Tm-5℃, and for 1min (1min for 1kb) at 68℃ (Tm is temparature at which primer will dissolve).
7. At 15℃ forever.
8. Agarose Gel Electrophoresis for confirmation.

Screening PCR

1. Mix the following (Do on PCR Bench).

   10x PCR buffer (TAKARA)	40µL
   2.5mM dNTP	8µL
   Primer-1 (10pmol/µL)	8µL
   Primer-2 (10pmol/µL)	8µL
   Ex Taq HS (TAKARA)	1.6µL
   MilliQ	334µL (to total 400µL)

2. Dispense 25µL to 15 tubes.
3. Pick a single colony and transfer it to each tubes.
4. Suspend the colony.
5. Let stand for 10min at 90℃.
6. 35 cycles for 30s at 94℃, for 30s 55℃, and for 1min at 72℃.
7. Let stand for 4min at 72℃.
8. Add 5mL Loading Buffer to the tubes.
9. Agalose Gel Electrophoresis for confirmation.
10. Negative Control: Use nothing.
11. Positive Control: Use a colony that will yield a product with this primers.

Mutagenesis (Point mutation, Deletion, Insertion)

1. Mix the following.

   10xBuffer	5µL
   5µL
   Primer Forward (10µM)	1.5µL
   Primer Reverse (10µM)	1.5µL
   Template Plasmid (50ng/µL)	1µL
   KOD plus ver.2	1µL
   MilliQ	35µL
   Total	50µL

2. Prepare control: instead of KOD plus ver.2, add 1µL MilliQ.
3. Let stand for 2min at 94℃.
4. X cycles (1 cycle for 1kb) for 10s at 98℃ and for Ymin (1min for 1kb) at 68℃.
5. Hold at 4℃.
6. Take 25µL of the solutions into fresh tubes.
7. Add 1µL DpnI (10U/µL).
8. Let stand for 1h at 37℃.
9. Agarose gel electrophoresis, using 5µL of the solution for confirmation.
10. Mix the following.

    Sample	2µL
    Ligation high	5µL
    T4 Polynucleotide Kinase (5U/µL)	1µL
    MilliQ	7µL
    Total	15µL

11. Let stand for 1h at 16℃.
12. Transformation, using 10µL of the solution.

PCR Purification

1. Use Wizard SV Gel and PCR Clean-Up System by Promega.
2. Combine 1 part sample (PCR product) with one part Membrane Binding Solution (e.g. 50μl sample+ 50μl).
3. Apply the solution to the column, and let stand for 1min.
4. Centrifuge for 1min at 13000rpm. Discard the flow-through.
5. Add 700µl Membrane Wash Solution.
6. Centrifuge for 1min and discard the through.
7. Add 500μl Membrane Wash Solution.
8. Centrifuge for 5min and discard the through.
9. Place the column in a clean tube.
10. Add 60µl MilliQ to the center of each column, let stand for 1min.
11. Centrifuge for 1min at 13000rpm.
12. Discard the column.

Solubilization of Antibiotics

1. Mix the following (Final concentration is 50mg/mL).
   • Ampicillin:

     Ampicillin

     1.0g

     MilliQ

     20mL

   • Kanamycin:

     Kanamycin

     0.5g

     MilliQ

     10mL

2. Dispense 1.1mL of the solution into 1.5mL tubes.
3. Store in the -20℃ freezer.

Transformation

1. Unfreeze conpitent cells on ice.
2. Dry a plate by letting the plate upside down and partly open in incubator.
3. Add 1µL DNA solution and 20µL compitent cells to 1.5mL tube, let stand for 30min on ice. If few colony is observed, increase the amount of the compitent cells or DNA, but make the amount of DNA not to get over that of the compitent cells.
4. Heatshock for 60s at 42℃.
5. Let stand for 2min on ice.
6. Culture for 1h in preculture medium (LB or SOC medium), and plate by using spreader. Do not heat spreader too much because e.coli will dead for heat.

Miniprep

1. Use QIAprep Spin Miniprep Kit Cat. No. 27104 by QIAGEN
2. Pick a single colony from a freshly streaked selective plate and inoculate a culture of about 3mL LB medium containing the appropriate selective antibiotic.
3. Incubate at 170rpm for 8h at 37℃ with vigorous shaking.
4. Transfer a half of the culture to a tube.
5. Harvest the bacterial cells by centrifugation at 14,000g for 1min at 4℃. Remove the medium by decanting.
6. Transfer the half of the culture to same tube and harvest as same. Remove the medium by pippetting.
7. Resuspend pelleted bacterial cells in 250µL Buffer P1 and mix thoroughly by pippeting.
8. Add 250µL Buffer P2 and mix thoroughly by inverting the tube gently 4-6 times.
9. Add 350µL Buffer N3 and mix immediately and thoroughly by inverting the tube 4-6 times.
10. Centrifuge for 10min at 14,000g at 4℃.
11. Apply the supernatants from step 10 to the QIAprep spin column by pipetting.
12. Centrifuge for 10s in a table-top microcentrifuge. Discard the flow-through.
13. Wash the QIAprep spin column by adding 0.5mL Buffer PB and centrifuging for 10s in a table-top microcentrifuge. Discard the flow-through.
14. Wash QIAprep spin column by adding 0.65mL Buffer PeE and centrifuging fo 10s in a table-top microcentrifuge.
15. Discard the flow-through, and centrifuge for and additional 1min to remove residual wash buffer.
16. Place the QIAprep column in a clean tube. To elute DNA, add 50µL water to the center of each QIAprep spin column, let stand for 1min, and centrifuge for 1min.
17. Discard the QIAprep spin column.
18. Measure the concentration of DNA by using eppendorf BioPhotometer plus.
19. Restriction Digestion.
20. Agarose Gel Electrophoresis for Confirmation.

Ethanol Precipitation

1. Use Ethachinmate (NIPPON GENE、312-01791).
2. Add 3.3 µL of 3M Sodium Acetate (attached with Ethachinmate) into 100µL of DNA solution.
3. Add 1µL of Ethachinmate.
4. Vortex.
5. Add ethanol, 200-250µL.
6. Vortex.
7. Centrifuge at 12000xg for 5min.
8. Precipitation.

RNA Extraction

1. Use　ISOGEN－LS（NIPPON　GENE,311-02621）
2. Add 1mL ISOGEN-LS to sample and vortex.
3. Store for 5min on ice.
4. Add 250µL chloroform and shake vigorously for 15 sec.
5. Store for 3min. on ice.
6. Centrifuge 17400xg for 10min. at 4℃.
7. Transfer aqueous phase to another tube and add 0.8 volume isopropanol.
8. Store for 10min. on ice.
9. Centrifuge 17400xg for 10min. at 4℃.
10. Discard the supernatant .
11. Add 800µL 80% ethanol and vortex.
12. Centrifuge 7500xg for 5min. at 4℃.
13. Discard the supernatant .
14. Dry briefly.
15. Dissolve in nuclease-free water.