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| - | == Safety == | + | == Biosafety and biosecurity considerations == |
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| | {{:Team:Wageningen_UR/Templates/Style | text= __NOTOC__ | | {{:Team:Wageningen_UR/Templates/Style | text= __NOTOC__ |
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| - | === Would the materials used in your project and/or your final product pose risks to environmental quality if released by design or accident? === | + | === Would the materials used in your project and/or your final product pose risks to the safety and health of the general public if released by design or accident? === |
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| - | There are several scenarios in which unintentional release of genetically modified material could take place.
| + | Using the ''E. coli'' Top 10 strain as the cell chassis would prevent the BioBrick system from being expressed in the environment. The strain is not expected to grow under the harsh conditions outside the laboratory. The BioBrick part DNA, though, might be taken up by other bacteria via natural genetic transformation. As was found in the section [https://2011.igem.org/Team:Wageningen_UR/Safety/One in the lab], so far no pathogenic species are found in the soil that used the BioBrick part’s quorum sensing molecule. Since the BioBrick system is not likely to reach marine environments, where potentially interacting pathogens occur, and does not produce toxic compounds, we assume that the BioBrick system in this cell chassis is quite safe and the risk to the health of the general public is low. |
| - | Labeling of the lab equipment and glassware used is necessary to prevent loss and improper waste disposal by a fellow researcher. The following problems are not as easy to prevent.
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| - | The air filtering system will have a hard time in keeping aerosols in the lab when a window gets broken. If this happens through a thunderstorm, an electricity break-down is not unlikely and would increase the chance of release furthermore. Under Good Microbial Practice, though, the formation of aerosols is prevented as much as possible, thus the combination of these probabilities leaves a total probability that is not that high.
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| - | In transport from one end of the lab to the other, there is however a chance the transporter falls and cuts themself with the broken glassware containing hazardous biological material. Infection is a high probability in this case. For our project a remedy would be available, to treat the disease that could be developed. Still, routes through the lab must remain clear of objects. Direct actions should be taken if it is discovered that an autoclave has been malfunctioning after the waste is discarded outside of the lab. To reduce the risk on environmental contamination it is necessary to check upon the autoclave’s functionality (by monitoring its operational temperature). If the hazards mentioned in this paragraph do happen, it should be reported to the Minister of ‘Housing Spatial Planning and the Environment’ and involved institutions to make the hazards undone as soon and well as possible.
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| - | The usage of antibiotic resistance markers increases the chance of spreading antibiotic resistance to pathogens. By conjugation, transduction or natural genetic transformation, DNA can be transferred between bacteria. There is a chance the antibiotic resistance genes end up in a pathogenic bacterium that isn’t intrinsically resistant to antibiotics. However, this hazard is present in most molecular microbiology research.
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| - | The physical conditions outside the lab are harsh to the ''E. coli'' strain chassis that is used, so the bacterium would be unable to grow. The DNA of the BioBrick system will not be spread round widely right after (un)intentional release. By means of natural genetic transformation the DNA of the BioBrick system could be taken up by other bacteria. As translation of the plasmid costs the new, probably non-pathogenic, soil bacterial colony quite some energy and resources it would rather be a burden to the organism than something beneficial, because the context (niche) would probably not request an oscillation in a fluorescent protein. Unfortunately it is not possible to know in advance what the actual effect will be of natural transformation, but the odds seem to be in favor of it to cause little impact on the environment.
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