Team:Peking S/project/hp/investigation

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[[Team:Peking S/project/hp|introduction]]|[[Team:Peking S/project/hp/synGMO|Synthetic biology vs. Genetically Modified Organism]]|[[Team:Peking S/project/hp/investigation|Public Investigation]]|[[Team:Peking S/project/hp/acknowledgement|Acknowledgement&Reference]]
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{{Template:Http://2011.igem.org/Team:Peking_S/HP}}
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=== '''Public Investigation''' ===
=== '''Public Investigation''' ===
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<br><br>
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Public acceptance of genetically engineered products is influenced by many factors. Researchers and biotechnology companies always want to know how well the public accept the products of synthetic biology and whether their products can be put into application. We think that students today are potential consumers in the future. Moreover, the survey result may also tell us what needs to be done. Thus, we visited High school attached to Capital Normal University and Peking University this summer, sent out hundreds of questionnaires, which were designed based on the general issues about synthetic biology and genetically modified organisms (GMOs) the public concern about. By analyzing the outcome of this investigation, we got a rough idea about how students thought about genetically engineered products and it provided a new perspective to look at the products of synthetic biology too.
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Public acceptance of genetically engineered products is influenced by many aspects. Researchers and companies often want to know how well do the public accept the products of synthetic biology and whether their products can put into application. We think that the students today are the potential consumers in the future. Moreover, the survey result of them may also tell us how far should we do in the aspects of education. Thus, we visited High school attached to Capital Normal University and Peking University in this summer, sent out hundreds of questionnaires, which were produced based on the general issues the public concerned about. From the result of the questionnaires, we got a rough idea about the cognition of students to the genetically engineered products and it provided a new perspective to look the products of synthetic biology again.
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The first question aimed at gathering basic information of students. There were 225 students participating in our survey, of which 86 were high school students,139 were university students. We received 39 and 91 copies respectively, with response rates of 45% and 65%.
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The first question aimed at gathering basic background of students. There were two hundreds and twenty-five students participated in our survey, in which eighty-six of them were high school students, one hundreds and thirty-nine students were studying in university. We received 39 and 91 copies respectively, with response rates of 45% and 65%.
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Questions of part two investigated the general cognition towards the genetically engineered products of the students. This part of questions investigated how well the students knew about the genetically engineered organisim. The dark blue bar stood for the result of high school students and the light bar was for university students.
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Questions of part two investigated the general cognition towards the genetically engineered products of the students.This part of questions investigated how well the students knew about the genetically engineered organisim. The dark blue bar stood for the result of high school students and the light bar was for university students.
 
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{{Template:Http://2011.igem.org/Team:Peking S/imageboxlarge|image=pkushp1.jpg|caption=Question 1}}
{{Template:Http://2011.igem.org/Team:Peking S/imageboxlarge|image=pkushp1.jpg|caption=Question 1}}
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'''Do you know what is genetically engineered organism?
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'''Do you know what genetically engineered organism is?
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A. undestand very well B.know a little C.have only heard about it D.totally don’t know about it'''
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A.understand very well B.know a little C.have only heard about it D.no idea'''
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Although most of the high school and university would have the lesson concerned about biology, the first question still showed the deficiency of knowledge about the genetically engineered organism among the students. As the technology of genetically engineering applicated more and more in our daily life, it is necessary to arrange more lessons to tell students understand such kind of technology better.
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Most of the high school and university have had lessons concerned with biology. As the technology of genetically engineering applied more and more in our daily life, it is necessary to strengthen information dissemination and education efforts.
'''2-2'''
'''2-2'''
{{Template:Http://2011.igem.org/Team:Peking S/imageboxlarge|image=pkushp2.jpg|caption=Question 2}}
{{Template:Http://2011.igem.org/Team:Peking S/imageboxlarge|image=pkushp2.jpg|caption=Question 2}}
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'''Would you accept the work of producing genetically engineered organism?'''
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'''Do you accept the production of genetically engineered organism?'''
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A.totally accept it
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A.Yes B.it depends C.No D.can’t accept it at all
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B.it depends
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C.don’t accept
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D.can’t accept it at all
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A. The pros outweigh the cons.
A. The pros outweigh the cons.
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B. The gains balance the losses.
B. The gains balance the losses.
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C. The cons outweigh the pros.
C. The cons outweigh the pros.
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D. Depends
D. Depends
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E. Don’t know
E. Don’t know
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Most of the students doubted whether the genetically engineered organism have a good effect in our life.  On the one hand, they were not totally understand the principle of producing genetically engineered organism. On the other hand, they were curious about the work and hoped there would be adventages to their life. The reasons caused them cautious about producing genetically engineered organism.
 
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The third part of questions investigated how well the students accept the application of genetically engineered organism and what they were concerned about the products of genetically engineering.
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Most of students gave ambiguous answers to this question. On one hand, they did not totally understand the principle of producing genetically engineered organism. On the other hand, they were curious about the work and hoped there would be advantages to their life. Thus, they intended to be cautious about this topic.
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The third part of questions looked into students’ acceptance toward application of genetically engineered organism and what they were concerned about.
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'''Would you accept the products of genetically engineering?'''
'''Would you accept the products of genetically engineering?'''
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A. No problem B.depends C.No D.absolutely not E. don’t know
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A.No problem B.depends C.No D.absolutely not E. don’t know
   
   
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Based on the cautious attitude towards the genetically engineered organism, the result was not beyond the expectations. It told us there was long road to go to put the technology into practice, not only in the aspect of scientific research bu also in the aspects of public concern.
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Considering the cautious attitude towards the genetically engineered organism, the result was not beyond the expectations. It told us there was a long road to go to realize technology in practice, because of not only the aspect of slow scientific research but also the aspects of public concern.
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'''Do you consider genetically engineered products safe?'''
'''Do you consider genetically engineered products safe?'''
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A. All of them are not safe B. some of them are safe C. all of them are safe D.not sure
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A. All of them are dangerous B. some of them are safe C. all of them are safe D.not sure
'''3-3'''
'''3-3'''
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''' If you know that most products on market are involved in genetically engineering technology to some extent, do you think they are safe or not?'''
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''' If you know that most products on market are involved in genetically engineering technology to some extent, how would you answer the last question?'''
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A. All of them are not safe B.some of them are safe C.all of them are safe D.not sure
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A. All of them are not dangerous B.some of them are safe C.all of them are safe D.not sure
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Compared the result of two questions, we could find that the difference was not obvious between the products for sale and not. It told us that the regulatory of market was not believed at all. Although the ratio of the people choosing A and D changed a little, the most of the students’ choice didn’t change a lot. In China, the regulatory of market may not be a good measure to regulate the genetically engineered products.
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Comparing the result of two questions, we found that the difference was not significant between market species and non-market ones, which implies that the regulatory of market was not believed at all. Although the ratio of the people choosing A or D changed a little, most of students did not change their minds, indicating that the regulatory role of market was not a major factor.
[[File:question3.jpg|question3]]
[[File:question3.jpg|question3]]
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'''3-4'''  
'''3-4'''  
{{Template:Http://2011.igem.org/Team:Peking S/imageboxlarge|image=pkushp34.jpg|caption=Question 4}}
{{Template:Http://2011.igem.org/Team:Peking S/imageboxlarge|image=pkushp34.jpg|caption=Question 4}}
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'''The reason you choose genetically engineered products are?[from the option with most signifinance to the one with least]'''
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''' The reason that you choose genetically engineered products is? [From the option with most signifinance to the one with least]'''
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a. they're better than the non-transgenic food [in nutrition aspect,for example]
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A. They’re better than the non-transgenic food [in nutrition aspect,for example]
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b. safety[i.e. not harmful to human]
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B. Safety [i.e. not harmful to human]
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c. environmental friendly
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C. Environmental friendly
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d. they're under more effective surveillance by the government
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D. They’re under more effective surveillance by the government
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e. information about the products is easier accessed[for example the ingredients]
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E. Information about the products is easier to access[for example the ingredients]
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f.other reasons__________
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F. Other reasons__________
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We use a simple formula to calculate the average score of each option,the option with a higher score ranks relatively higher than the ones with low score.The formula is
 
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（Σ frequency*weight）/total . The weight for first choice is 6, 5 for the second choice,and so on.
 
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The choices of both senior and university group have the same pattern.Apparently most people ,like we mentioned before,concern most about safety.
 
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simple formula to calculate the average score of each option. The option with a higher score ranks relatively higher than the ones with low score.
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The formula is
 +
（Σ frequency*weight）/total
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The weight for the choice ranking first is 6; the second is 5, and so on. The choices of both senior and university group have the same pattern. Apparently, majority of people,as we mentioned before, concern most about safety.
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'''3-5'''
 
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'''What do you feel about the subjects below if they are genetically engineered?[please rank all options from 1 point to 10 according to your acceptance to this subject:1 for unbearable,and 10 for totally alright]'''
 
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a. food plant[like rice]__
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'''3-5'''
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b. microorganism[like bacteria]___
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'''What do you feel about the subjects below if they are genetically engineered? [please rank all options from 1 point to 10 according to your acceptance to this subject:1 for unbearable,and 10 for totally alright]'''
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c .inedible plants__
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A. Food plant [like rice]__
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d. consumption animals[like chicken]___
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B. Microorganism [like bacteria]___
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e. non-consumption animals
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C .Inedible plants__
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f. insects___
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D. Consumption animals [like chicken]___
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g.human___
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E. Non-consumption animals
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F. Insects___
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[[File:pkus35.jpg|qestion 5]]
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G. Human___
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=== '''Risks and Measurements Analysis''' ===
 
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[[File:pkus35.jpg|qestion 5]]
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Given the potential of technology to engineer new organism, synthetic biology poses several risks that need to be prevented. It is necessary to regulate the kind of research performed in such areas along with principles to ensure researcher conduct adheres to established guidelines.
 
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<br>
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<html>
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<a href="#top">Top↑
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Some of the risks posed by products of synthetic biology are outlined below:
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<br>
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<br>
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•negative environmental impact: A synthetically created micro-organism could have a side effect
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of interacting withanother environmental substanceand impact the overall environment negatively.
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•natural genome pool contamination: Any genetic exchange between a synthetic biological entity
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and a naturally occurring biological entity would result in natural genome contamination.
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•uncontrolled consequence: Synthetic biology products released into the environment to accomplish
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a specific task should have a controlled lifespan outside the lab. If this is not the case, one can envision
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unintended consequences of a system run amuck.
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Three legal framework the law uses to regulate genetic technology have been described in the literature[3]: Individual Rights and Duties, Scientific Regulation by Administrative agencies, and Legislative Pre-emption. An analysis of the needs of synthetic biology is presented below.
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•Individual Rights and Duties
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•Researchers have to be aware of the possible impact of the possible impact of their research methods
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and products.
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•Any people have the rights to sue when they find the damage of the synthetical organisms.
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•Scientific Regulation by Administrative Agencies
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In the context of synthetic biology, regulatory agencies need to address the following issue:
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•All of the synthetic biology product should have a lifespan under control when applied outside the laboratory.
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•There should be little possibility of synthetic organism genetic exchanging with naturally organisms.
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•Before applied, synthetic organism must be well characterized through an extensive test protocol.
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</html>

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Human Practice


Introduction|Synthetic Biology vs. Genetically Modified Organism|Public Investigation|Risks and Measurements Analysis |Acknowledgement&Reference


Public Investigation



Public acceptance of genetically engineered products is influenced by many factors. Researchers and biotechnology companies always want to know how well the public accept the products of synthetic biology and whether their products can be put into application. We think that students today are potential consumers in the future. Moreover, the survey result may also tell us what needs to be done. Thus, we visited High school attached to Capital Normal University and Peking University this summer, sent out hundreds of questionnaires, which were designed based on the general issues about synthetic biology and genetically modified organisms (GMOs) the public concern about. By analyzing the outcome of this investigation, we got a rough idea about how students thought about genetically engineered products and it provided a new perspective to look at the products of synthetic biology too.

The first question aimed at gathering basic information of students. There were 225 students participating in our survey, of which 86 were high school students,139 were university students. We received 39 and 91 copies respectively, with response rates of 45% and 65%.

Questions of part two investigated the general cognition towards the genetically engineered products of the students. This part of questions investigated how well the students knew about the genetically engineered organisim. The dark blue bar stood for the result of high school students and the light bar was for university students.


2-1.

Pkushp1.jpg

Question 1

Do you know what genetically engineered organism is?

A.understand very well B.know a little C.have only heard about it D.no idea


Most of the high school and university have had lessons concerned with biology. As the technology of genetically engineering applied more and more in our daily life, it is necessary to strengthen information dissemination and education efforts.


2-2

Pkushp2.jpg

Question 2

Do you accept the production of genetically engineered organism?

A.Yes B.it depends C.No D.can’t accept it at all






2-3

Pkushp3.jpg

Question 3

How do you evaluate the relative merits of genetically engineered organism?

A. The pros outweigh the cons.

B. The gains balance the losses.

C. The cons outweigh the pros.

D. Depends

E. Don’t know


Most of students gave ambiguous answers to this question. On one hand, they did not totally understand the principle of producing genetically engineered organism. On the other hand, they were curious about the work and hoped there would be advantages to their life. Thus, they intended to be cautious about this topic.

The third part of questions looked into students’ acceptance toward application of genetically engineered organism and what they were concerned about.



3-1

Pkushp31.jpg

Question 1

Would you accept the products of genetically engineering?

A.No problem B.depends C.No D.absolutely not E. don’t know


Considering the cautious attitude towards the genetically engineered organism, the result was not beyond the expectations. It told us there was a long road to go to realize technology in practice, because of not only the aspect of slow scientific research but also the aspects of public concern.



3-2

Do you consider genetically engineered products safe?

A. All of them are dangerous B. some of them are safe C. all of them are safe D.not sure


3-3

If you know that most products on market are involved in genetically engineering technology to some extent, how would you answer the last question?

A. All of them are not dangerous B.some of them are safe C.all of them are safe D.not sure

Comparing the result of two questions, we found that the difference was not significant between market species and non-market ones, which implies that the regulatory of market was not believed at all. Although the ratio of the people choosing A or D changed a little, most of students did not change their minds, indicating that the regulatory role of market was not a major factor.

question3


3-4

Pkushp34.jpg

Question 4

The reason that you choose genetically engineered products is? [From the option with most signifinance to the one with least]

A. They’re better than the non-transgenic food [in nutrition aspect,for example]

B. Safety [i.e. not harmful to human]

C. Environmental friendly

D. They’re under more effective surveillance by the government

E. Information about the products is easier to access[for example the ingredients]

F. Other reasons__________


simple formula to calculate the average score of each option. The option with a higher score ranks relatively higher than the ones with low score. The formula is （Σ frequency*weight）/total The weight for the choice ranking first is 6; the second is 5, and so on. The choices of both senior and university group have the same pattern. Apparently, majority of people,as we mentioned before, concern most about safety.


3-5

What do you feel about the subjects below if they are genetically engineered? [please rank all options from 1 point to 10 according to your acceptance to this subject:1 for unbearable,and 10 for totally alright]

A. Food plant [like rice]__

B. Microorganism [like bacteria]___

C .Inedible plants__

D. Consumption animals [like chicken]___

E. Non-consumption animals

F. Insects___

G. Human___


qestion 5




Top↑



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