Team:Brown-Stanford/REGObricks/Balloon

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<li><a href="/Team:Brown-Stanford/REGObricks/Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="/Team:Brown-Stanford/REGObricks/Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
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<li><a href="/Team:Brown-Stanford/REGObricks/ISRU"><em>In situ</em> Resource Utilization</a></li>
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<li><a href="/Team:Brown-Stanford/REGObricks/ISRU">ISRU</a></li>
<li><a href="/Team:Brown-Stanford/REGObricks/Biocementation">Biocementation</a></li>
<li><a href="/Team:Brown-Stanford/REGObricks/Biocementation">Biocementation</a></li>
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<li><a href="/Team:Brown-Stanford/REGObricks/Characterization">Characterization of <em>S. pasteurii</em></a></li>
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<li><a href="/Team:Brown-Stanford/REGObricks/Characterization"><em>S. pasteurii</em></a></li>
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<li id="active"><a href="#" id="current">Balloon Flights</a></li>
<li id="active"><a href="#" id="current">Balloon Flights</a></li>
<li><a href="/Team:Brown-Stanford/REGObricks/Transforming">Transformation</a></li>
<li><a href="/Team:Brown-Stanford/REGObricks/Transforming">Transformation</a></li>
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== '''Balloon Flights''' ==
== '''Balloon Flights''' ==
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===='''The Sand Column'''====
 
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We attempted to create a macroscopic demonstration of biocementation. Upon learning that the biocementation process was of sufficient value and difficulty to warrant two separate patent applications for elucidating the process, we tried to separately elucidate the process for iGEM’s open resource community. Following the guidance of several research articles, we built several cementation columns. Materials and procedures can be found '''[https://2011.igem.org/Team:Brown-Stanford/Lab/Protocols/CementationColumn here]'''
 
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[[File:Brown-Stanford-Columngetup.JPG|thumb|200px|Setup of Cementation Column]]
 
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Unfortunately, construction of a flow-through cementation column was unsuccessful, though we did manage to create surface-layer biocementation on petri dishes. Cementation after 5 days proved sufficiently stiffened enough to resist a scalpel. Disappointment aside, we learned that it had taken the researchers over six years to master the process, and that we went against high odds to replicate it in three months.
 
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[[File:Brown-Stanford-Moonghettobrick.JPG|300px|thumb|Two Dimensional Cementation of Lunar Regolith Simulant]]
 
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As compensation for our plight, one of the visiting researchers with a pending patent for biocementation allowed us fly one of the real cemented bricks in our weather-balloon trip to the edge of the world to see how the drastic reductions in temperature and pressure will affect the brick and bacteria.
 
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[[File:Brown-Stanford-Flyingbrick.JPG|300px|thumb|Preflight CT Scan of Biocemented Brick]]
 
===='''Survival in Extremophile conditions- Balloon Launches'''====
===='''Survival in Extremophile conditions- Balloon Launches'''====
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[[File:Brown-Stanford-Lynnpic.JPG|400px||center| thumb|Stratosphere Summary]]
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Working at NASA Ames, we had the good fortune of meeting Jack Cackler, who was trying to prototype small balloon launches to the stratosphere. Located at 10 to 50 kilometers above the ground, the stratosphere has conditions that are out of this world: a temperature range of -56 to -3°C (it actually increases as you ascend, from chemical synthesis of ), and atmosphere 0.001 percent of that of earth’s sea level.   
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Working at NASA Ames, we had the good fortune of meeting Jack Cackler, who was trying to prototype small balloon launches to the stratosphere. Located at 10 to 50 kilometers above the ground, the stratosphere has conditions that are out of this world: a temperature range of -56 to -3°C (it actually increases as you ascend), and atmosphere 0.001 percent of that of earth’s sea level.   
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To take advantage of this rare opportunity, we prepared two dried samples of ''S. pasteurii'' to be sent up in the balloon, to test the ability of the bacteria to withstand the extremes in temperature, depressurization and radiation bombardment. Note that the microbes we flew were <b>not</b> genetically altered.
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To take advantage of this rare opportunity, we prepared two dried samples of ''S. pasteurii'' to be sent up in the balloon, to test the ability of the bacteria to withstand the extremes in temperature, depressurization and radiation bombardment. Note that the microbes we flew were <b>not</b> genetically altered, and all practice was done under proper FAA notification.
[[File:Brown-Stanford-flightmaterials.JPG|300px|thumb|Materials for the Stratospheric Balloon Flight]]
[[File:Brown-Stanford-flightmaterials.JPG|300px|thumb|Materials for the Stratospheric Balloon Flight]]
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Thorough Protocols for the preparation can be found [https://2011.igem.org/Team:Brown-Stanford/Lab/Protocols/BalloonFlight#Preparation_of_Samples_for_Balloon_Flight: here]
Thorough Protocols for the preparation can be found [https://2011.igem.org/Team:Brown-Stanford/Lab/Protocols/BalloonFlight#Preparation_of_Samples_for_Balloon_Flight: here]
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[[File:Brown-Stanford-Earthstratosphere.JPG|300px|thumb|Overlooking the Curvature of the Earth]]
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Our first balloon went up to 80,000 ft (24 kilometers), from which the curvature of the earth was visible.  
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Our balloon went up to 80,000 ft (24 kilometers), from which the curvature of the earth was visible.  
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[[File:Brown-Stanford-bacteriaafterflight.JPG|300px|thumb|Qualitative Survival Analysis after Balloon Flight]]
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Unfortunately, our ''S. pasteurii'' cargo, as well as other biological samples, cargo, did not survive the first flight. The biocemented brick that accompanied the samples up suffered some mechanical damage, and a qualitative change in brittleness. It is suggested that the this structural change was influenced by the temperature change, and corresponding thermal contraction/expansion. Further experimentation will have to be done to isolate the cause of the structural change and investigate its implications for space applications.
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[[File:Brown-Stanford-bacteriaafterflight2.JPG|300px|thumb|Qualitative Survival Analysis after Balloon Flight]]
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Unfortunately, our ''S. pasteurii'' cargo, as well as all other cargo, did not survive the first flight.  
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Our second balloon went up to 110,000 ft (33.5 kilometers), where the atmospheric pressure was slightly '''below''' that of Mars.
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[[File:Brown-Stanford-Flight Trajectory.JPG|300px|right| thumb|Flight Trajectory]]
During our second flight (accompanied by the '''[https://2011.igem.org/Team:Brown-Stanford/BBC BBC]''' ), we prepared the ''S. pasteurii'' inside [http://www.enasco.com/c/whirlpak/Whirl-Pak%26%23174%3B+Bags/ Whirlpak bags]. Surprisingly enough, upon retrieval, the the samples inside the Whirlpak bags exhibited urease activity! The ones outside the bags did not, though mysteriously enough both samples grew back on Bang media plates in seemingly equal quantities. Further experimentation must be done to ascertain the exact nature of the survival.
During our second flight (accompanied by the '''[https://2011.igem.org/Team:Brown-Stanford/BBC BBC]''' ), we prepared the ''S. pasteurii'' inside [http://www.enasco.com/c/whirlpak/Whirl-Pak%26%23174%3B+Bags/ Whirlpak bags]. Surprisingly enough, upon retrieval, the the samples inside the Whirlpak bags exhibited urease activity! The ones outside the bags did not, though mysteriously enough both samples grew back on Bang media plates in seemingly equal quantities. Further experimentation must be done to ascertain the exact nature of the survival.
   
   
Our original grand plan was to have one final balloon flight, after our transformation of ''S. pasteurii'' with Newcastle 2009’s sporulation regulation gene, to see if induced sporulation could have increase the percentage of survivors. Unfortunately, difficulties in transforming ''S. pasteurii'' put this this plan on hold.
Our original grand plan was to have one final balloon flight, after our transformation of ''S. pasteurii'' with Newcastle 2009’s sporulation regulation gene, to see if induced sporulation could have increase the percentage of survivors. Unfortunately, difficulties in transforming ''S. pasteurii'' put this this plan on hold.
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Latest revision as of 02:44, 29 September 2011

Brown-Stanford
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Balloon Flights

Survival in Extremophile conditions- Balloon Launches

Stratosphere Summary

Working at NASA Ames, we had the good fortune of meeting Jack Cackler, who was trying to prototype small balloon launches to the stratosphere. Located at 10 to 50 kilometers above the ground, the stratosphere has conditions that are out of this world: a temperature range of -56 to -3°C (it actually increases as you ascend), and atmosphere 0.001 percent of that of earth’s sea level. To take advantage of this rare opportunity, we prepared two dried samples of S. pasteurii to be sent up in the balloon, to test the ability of the bacteria to withstand the extremes in temperature, depressurization and radiation bombardment. Note that the microbes we flew were not genetically altered, and all practice was done under proper FAA notification.

Materials for the Stratospheric Balloon Flight

Thorough Protocols for the preparation can be found here

Our first balloon went up to 80,000 ft (24 kilometers), from which the curvature of the earth was visible.

Unfortunately, our S. pasteurii cargo, as well as other biological samples, cargo, did not survive the first flight. The biocemented brick that accompanied the samples up suffered some mechanical damage, and a qualitative change in brittleness. It is suggested that the this structural change was influenced by the temperature change, and corresponding thermal contraction/expansion. Further experimentation will have to be done to isolate the cause of the structural change and investigate its implications for space applications.


Our second balloon went up to 110,000 ft (33.5 kilometers), where the atmospheric pressure was slightly below that of Mars.


Flight Trajectory

During our second flight (accompanied by the BBC ), we prepared the S. pasteurii inside [http://www.enasco.com/c/whirlpak/Whirl-Pak%26%23174%3B+Bags/ Whirlpak bags]. Surprisingly enough, upon retrieval, the the samples inside the Whirlpak bags exhibited urease activity! The ones outside the bags did not, though mysteriously enough both samples grew back on Bang media plates in seemingly equal quantities. Further experimentation must be done to ascertain the exact nature of the survival.

Our original grand plan was to have one final balloon flight, after our transformation of S. pasteurii with Newcastle 2009’s sporulation regulation gene, to see if induced sporulation could have increase the percentage of survivors. Unfortunately, difficulties in transforming S. pasteurii put this this plan on hold.



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