Team:Wageningen UR/Safety/Three

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Revision as of 16:06, 2 September 2011

Building a Synchronized Oscillatory System

Safety

Would the materials used in your project and/or your final product pose risks to environmental quality if released by design or accident?

There are several scenarios in which unintentional release of genetically modified material could take place. Labeling of the lab equipment and glassware used is necessary to prevent loss and improper waste disposal by a fellow researcher. The following problems are not as easy to prevent.

The air filtering system will have a hard time in keeping aerosols in the lab when a window gets broken. If this happens through a thunderstorm, an electricity break-down is not unlikely and would increase the chance of release furthermore. Under Good Microbial Practice, though, the formation of aerosols is prevented as much as possible, thus the combination of these probabilities leaves a total probability that is not that high.

In transport from one end of the lab to the other, there is however a chance the transporter falls and cuts themself with the broken glassware containing hazardous biological material. Infection is a high probability in this case. For our project a remedy would be available, to treat the disease that could be developed. Still, routes through the lab must remain clear of objects. Direct actions should be taken if it is discovered that an autoclave has been malfunctioning after the waste is discarded outside of the lab. To reduce the risk on environmental contamination it is necessary to check upon the autoclave’s functionality (by monitoring its operational temperature). If the hazards mentioned in this paragraph do happen, it should be reported to the Minister of ‘Housing Spatial Planning and the Environment’ and involved institutions to make the hazards undone as soon and well as possible.

The usage of antibiotic resistance markers increases the chance of spreading antibiotic resistance to pathogens. By conjugation, transduction or natural genetic transformation, DNA can be transferred between bacteria. There is a chance the antibiotic resistance genes end up in a pathogenic bacterium that isn’t intrinsically resistant to antibiotics. However, this hazard is present in most molecular microbiology research.

The physical conditions outside the lab are harsh to the E. coli strain chassis that is used, so the bacterium would be unable to grow. The DNA of the BioBrick system will not be spread round widely right after (un)intentional release. By means of natural genetic transformation the DNA of the BioBrick system could be taken up by other bacteria. As translation of the plasmid costs the new, probably non-pathogenic, soil bacterial colony quite some energy and resources it would rather be a burden to the organism than something beneficial, because the context (niche) would probably not request an oscillation in a fluorescent protein. Unfortunately it is not possible to know in advance what the actual effect will be of natural transformation, but the odds seem to be in favor of it to cause little impact on the environment.

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 {{:Team:Wageningen_UR/Templates/Style | text= __NOTOC__
-=== Accidental release to the environment ===
+=== Would the materials used in your project and/or your final product pose risks to environmental quality if released by design or accident? ===
 There are several scenarios in which unintentional release of genetically modified material could take place.
+Labeling of the lab equipment and glassware used is necessary to prevent loss and improper waste disposal by a fellow researcher. The following problems are not as easy to prevent.
-Labeling of the lab equipment and glassware used is necessary to prevent loss and improper waste disposal by a fellow researcher. The following problems are not as easy to prevent.
+The air filtering system will have a hard time in keeping aerosols in the lab when a window gets broken. If this happens through a thunderstorm, an electricity break-down is not unlikely and would increase the chance of release furthermore. Under Good Microbial Practice, though, the formation of aerosols is prevented as much as possible, thus the combination of these probabilities leaves a total probability that is not that high.
-The air filtering system will have a hard time in keeping aerosols in the lab when a window gets broken. If this happens through a thunderstorm, an electricity break-down is not unlikely and would increase the chance of release furthermore. Under Good Microbial Practice, though, the formation of aerosols is prevented as much as possible, thus the combination of these probabilities leaves a total probability that is not that high.
+In transport from one end of the lab to the other, there is however a chance the transporter falls and cuts themself with the broken glassware containing hazardous biological material. Infection is a high probability in this case. For our project a remedy would be available, to treat the disease that could be developed. Still, routes through the lab must remain clear of objects. Direct actions should be taken if it is discovered that an autoclave has been malfunctioning after the waste is discarded outside of the lab. To reduce the risk on environmental contamination it is necessary to check upon the autoclave’s functionality (by monitoring its operational temperature). If the hazards mentioned in this paragraph do happen, it should be reported to the Minister of ‘Housing Spatial Planning and the Environment’ and involved institutions to make the hazards undone as soon and well as possible.
-In transport from one end of  the lab to the other, there is however a chance the transporter falls and cuts themself with the broken glassware containing hazardous biological material. Infection is a high probability in this case. For our project prophylaxes would be available, which reduce the chance on the development of a disease.
+The usage of antibiotic resistance markers increases the chance of spreading antibiotic resistance to pathogens. By conjugation, transduction or natural genetic transformation, DNA can be transferred between bacteria. There is a chance the antibiotic resistance genes end up in a pathogenic bacterium that isn’t intrinsically resistant to antibiotics. However, this hazard is present in most molecular microbiology research.
-It should furthermore be reported to the Minister of ‘Housing Spatial Planning and the Environment’ and, involved, institutions and direct actions should be taken if it is found that an autoclave has been malfunctioning. The chance that this happens however is as large to happen in our project as it would be for other projects. Still it has to be checked as frequently as possible if the autoclave is functioning.
+The physical conditions outside the lab are harsh to the ''E. coli'' strain chassis that is used, so the bacterium would be unable to grow. The DNA of the BioBrick system will not be spread round widely right after (un)intentional release. By means of natural genetic transformation the DNA of the BioBrick system could be taken up by other bacteria. As translation of the plasmid costs the new, probably non-pathogenic, soil bacterial colony quite some energy and resources it would rather be a burden to the organism than something beneficial, because the context (niche) would probably not request an oscillation in a fluorescent protein. Unfortunately it is not possible to know in advance what the actual effect will be of natural transformation, but the odds seem to be in favor of it to cause little impact on the environment.
-The usage of antibiotic resistance markers, to select for tetracycline resistance for example, increases the chance of spreading antibiotic resistance to pathogens. Conjugation and transduction is a way of  DNA transfer between bacteria. There is a chance the antibiotic resistance genes end up in a pathogenic bacterium that isn’t intrinsically resistant to antibiotics. However, this hazard is present in most molecular microbiology research.
-Some hazards have already been mentioned by giving the probabilities of them, but in the following paragraph a closer look to harmful effects will be taken.
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