Team:UPO-Sevilla/Project/Improving Flip Flop/asRNA/Inhibition system

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                            <h1>Inhibition system</h1>
                            
                            <p>asRNAs are <strong>short non-coding RNAs</strong> that can <strong>inhibit mRNA translation</strong> by binding to the 5’ untranslated region (UTR) of that mRNA. This, therefore, can be an effective way to inhibit the expression of a great amount of genes.</p>
<p>That is the case of the <strong>Salmonella OmpN gene</strong>, whose translation is inhibited by the conserved <strong>RybB asRNA</strong>, which forms a short duplex with the ompN CDS. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19111662"_blank">Bouvier et al.(2008)</a>, studied this inhibition of ompN gene by RybB asRNA and they concluded that RybB does not sequester the ompN SD or AUG sequences, but the <strong>interaction</strong> takes place <strong>inside the CDS</strong>. Using probing experiments, supported by prediction with the RNAhybrid algorithm (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15383676"_blank">Rehmsmeier et al. (2004)</a>) they determined the <strong>interaction model</strong>.</p>
<div class="center"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/8/85/UPOSevilla_figure12.png"><p><strong>Figure 1.</strong> Taken from <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19111662"_blank">Bouvier et al.(2008)</a>.</p></div><br/>
<p>As we can see in <strong>Figure 1</strong>, RybB forms a <strong>4+11 bp RNA duplex</strong> with the ompN CDS, that <strong>inhibits</strong> its <strong>translation</strong>. Furthermore, by chemical synthesis of the first 16 nucleotides of RybB, they proved that this fragment was enough to inhibit the translation of ompN, this inhibition being even 4-fold higher than that with the full-length RybB RNA. The remaining nucleotides of the asRNA form the rho-independent terminator of the RNA transcription. In <strong>Figure 2</strong> we can see the <strong>full-length RybB RNA</strong>.</p>
<div class="center"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/a/ab/UPOSevilla_figure22.png" width="700px" height="120px"><p><strong>Figure 2</strong>. Full-length RybB aligned with two chimera asRNAs. The ompN target site is also shown. Taken from <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19111662"_blank">Bouvier et al.(2008)</a>.</p></div><br/>






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