Team:Tokyo Tech/Projects/Urea-cooler/data

From 2011.igem.org

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<h1> Assay Method and Results </h1>
<h1> Assay Method and Results </h1>
-
<h2 id="1.">1. Characterization of <i>rocF</i> and Arg box</h2>
 
-
<h3 id="1.1">1.1 Materials</h3>
 
-
<p>Expression plasmids used in this study are shown in Table 1. <br />
 
-
<table border="1">
 
-
<caption>TABLE 1. Expression plasmids used for Charcterization of <i>rocF</i> and Arg box</caption>
 
-
 
-
<tr>
 
-
<td>designation</td>
 
-
<td>pSB3K3</td>
 
-
<td>pSB6A1</td>
 
-
</tr>
 
-
<tr>
 
-
<td>mock</td>
 
-
<td>PlacIQ</td>
 
-
<td>Alcohol-dehydrogenase(promoter-less)</td>
 
-
</tr>
 
-
                                  <tr>
 
-
<td><i>rocF</i></td>
 
-
<td>Ptrc-<i>rocF</i></td>
 
-
<td>Alcohol-dehydrogenase(promoter-less)</td>
 
-
</tr>
 
-
                                    <tr>
 
-
<td><i>rocF</i>+Arg box</td>
 
-
<td>Ptrc-<i>rocF</i></td>
 
-
<td>Arg box</td>
 
-
</tr>
 
-
</table>
+
<h2 id="1.">1. Characterization of <i>rocF</i> and Arg box</h2>
-
+
<h3 id="1.1">1.1 Materials</h3>
 +
 +
<p>
 +
Expression plasmids used in this study are shown in Table 1. <br />
 +
<table border="1">
 +
<caption>
 +
TABLE 1. Expression plasmids used for Charcterization of <i>rocF</i> and Arg box
 +
</caption>
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>designation</td>
 +
<td>pSB3K3</td>
 +
<td>pSB6A1</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>mock</td>
 +
<td>PlacIQ</td>
 +
<td>Alcohol-dehydrogenase(promoter-less)</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
<tr>
 +
<td><i>rocF</i></td>
 +
<td>Ptrc-<i>rocF</i></td>
 +
<td>Alcohol-dehydrogenase(promoter-less)</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
<tr>
 +
<td><i>rocF</i>+Arg box</td>
 +
<td>Ptrc-<i>rocF</i></td>
 +
<td>Arg box</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
</table>
Strain MG1655 was transformed with either mock, tocF or <i>rocF</i> + Arg. As shown in Table 1, <i>rocF</i> gene was introduced on pSB3K3 and Arg boxes were introduced on pSB6A1.
Strain MG1655 was transformed with either mock, tocF or <i>rocF</i> + Arg. As shown in Table 1, <i>rocF</i> gene was introduced on pSB3K3 and Arg boxes were introduced on pSB6A1.
</p>
</p>
-
<h3 id="1.2">1.2 Methods</h3>
+
 
-
<h4>1.2.1 Preparation of samples for urea concentration assay</h4>
+
<h3 id="1.2">1.2 Methods</h3>
 +
<h4>1.2.1 Preparation of samples for urea concentration assay</h4>
 +
<p>
<p>
-
<ol>
+
<ol>
-
        <li>A single colony of cells transformed with engineered plasmids (mock,<i>rocF</i> or <i>rocF</i>+Arg box) was inoculated into 3 mL of LB with appropriate antibiotics and grown to saturation at 37℃.</li>
+
<li>A single colony of cells transformed with engineered plasmids (mock,<i>rocF</i> or <i>rocF</i>+Arg box) was inoculated into 3 mL of LB with appropriate antibiotics and grown to saturation at 37℃.</li>
-
        <li>The saturated culture was diluted 50-fold, grown till the log phase (OD<sub>600</sub> = 0.5).</li>
+
<li>The saturated culture was diluted 50-fold, grown till the log phase (OD<sub>600</sub> = 0.5).</li>
-
        <li>The culture was induced with 1 mM IPTG at 37℃ for 1 hour. </li>
+
<li>The culture was induced with 1 mM IPTG at 37℃ for 1 hour. </li>
-
        <li>1.5 mL of culture was centrifuged at 9,000 rpm for 1 minute and the supernatant fluid was used as a sample for urea concentration assay. </li>
+
<li>1.5 mL of culture was centrifuged at 9,000 rpm for 1 minute and the supernatant fluid was used as a sample for urea concentration assay. </li>
-
        </ol>
+
</ol>
</p>
</p>
-
<h4>1.2.2 Urea concentration assay</h4>
+
 
 +
<h4>1.2.2 Urea concentration assay</h4>
<p>Urea concentrations of the samples were determined colorimetrically with <a href="http://www.clonagen.com/clonagen/ab52e63f-4e38-4465-b325-5fd126415f1a/quantichrom_urea_assay_kit_product.aspx">DIUR-500 -QuantiChrom™ Urea Assay Kit obtained from BioAssay Systems</a>.<br />
<p>Urea concentrations of the samples were determined colorimetrically with <a href="http://www.clonagen.com/clonagen/ab52e63f-4e38-4465-b325-5fd126415f1a/quantichrom_urea_assay_kit_product.aspx">DIUR-500 -QuantiChrom™ Urea Assay Kit obtained from BioAssay Systems</a>.<br />
Detailed methods are as follows.
Detailed methods are as follows.
-
<ol>
+
<ol>
-
        <li>10 &micro;L of the supernatant fluid from each sample, 10 &micro;L blank(LB),and 10 &micro;L standard (10 mg/dL urea LB) were transferred to wells of clear bottom 96-well plates. </li>
+
<li>10 &micro;L of the supernatant fluid from each sample, 10 &micro;L blank(LB),and 10 &micro;L standard (10 mg/dL urea LB) were transferred to wells of clear bottom 96-well plates. </li>
-
        <li>200 &micro;L working reagent for coloring reaction from DIUR-500 -QuantiChrom™ Urea Assay Kit was added and the wells were taped lightly to mix.</li>
+
<li>200 &micro;L working reagent for coloring reaction from DIUR-500 -QuantiChrom™ Urea Assay Kit was added and the wells were taped lightly to mix.</li>
-
      <li>The mixture was incubated for 20 munites at room temperature.</li>
+
<li>The mixture was incubated for 20 munites at room temperature.</li>
-
        <li>Optical density at 450 nm was read and urea concentration (mg/dL) of the sample was calculated as<br />
+
<li>
-
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/5/55/Kit_equation.png" alt="equation" />.<br />
+
Optical density at 450 nm was read and urea concentration (mg/dL) of the sample was calculated as<br />
-
ODSAMPLE, ODBLANK and ODSTANDARD are OD<sub>450</sub> values of sample, standard and blank, respectively. </li>
+
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/5/55/Kit_equation.png" alt="equation" />.<br />
-
       
+
ODSAMPLE, ODBLANK and ODSTANDARD are OD<sub>450</sub> values of sample, standard and blank, respectively.  
-
        </ol>
+
</li>
 +
</ol>
</p>
</p>
-
<h5>Standard curve for coloring reaction in urea assay</h5>
+
<h5>Standard curve for coloring reaction in urea assay</h5>
<p>To generate standard curve, 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 7.5, 10 mg/dL urea LB were assayed in triplicate in the same way as the samples. Standard curve is shown in Fig.1.<br />
<p>To generate standard curve, 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 7.5, 10 mg/dL urea LB were assayed in triplicate in the same way as the samples. Standard curve is shown in Fig.1.<br />
-
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/9/9c/Standard_curve.png" alt="Standard curve for coloring reaction in urea assay" width="400px" /> <br />  
+
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/9/9c/Standard_curve.png" alt="Standard curve for coloring reaction in urea assay" width="400px" /><br />  
Fig.1 Standard curve for coloring reaction in urea assay
Fig.1 Standard curve for coloring reaction in urea assay
-
 
+
</p>
 +
<h3 id="1.3">1.3 Results</h3>
 +
<p>Each sample was assayed in duplicate urea concentration detected in each sample is shown in Table 2. Fig. 2 shows the average of these 2 values.<br />
</p>
</p>
-
<h3 id="1.3">1.3 Results</h3>
+
-
  <p>Each sample was assayed in duplicate urea concentration detected in each sample is shown in Table 2. Fig. 2 shows the average of these 2 values.<br />
+
<table border="2">
-
</p>
+
<caption>TABLE 2. Urea concentrations detected in duplicated</caption>
-
<table border="2"><caption>TABLE 2. Urea concentrations detected in duplicated</caption>
+
<tr>
-
+
<td>colony No.</td>
-
<tr>
+
<td>mock</td>
-
<td>colony No.</td>
+
<td><i>rocF</i></td>
-
<td>mock</td>
+
<td><i>rocF</i>+Arg box</td>
-
<td><i>rocF</i></td>
+
</tr>
-
                                        <td><i>rocF</i>+Arg box</td>
+
<tr>
-
</tr>
+
<td>#1</td>
-
<tr>
+
<td>1.9</td>
-
<td>#1</td>
+
<td>4.9</td>
-
<td>1.9</td>
+
<td>7.3</td>
-
<td>4.9</td>
+
</tr>
-
                                        <td>7.3</td>
+
<tr>
-
</tr>
+
<td>#2</td>
-
                                  <tr>
+
<td>0.75</td>
-
<td>#2</td>
+
<td>4.3</td>
-
<td>0.75</td>
+
<td>7.2</td>
-
<td>4.3</td>
+
</tr>
-
                                        <td>7.2</td>
+
<tr>
-
</tr>
+
<td>Average</td>
-
                                    <tr>
+
<td>1.3</td>
-
<td>Average</td>
+
<td>4.6</td>
-
<td>1.3</td>
+
<td>7.2</td>
-
<td>4.6</td>
+
</tr>
-
                                        <td>7.2</td>
+
<tr>
-
</tr>
+
<td>B.D.</td>
-
                                <tr>
+
<td>0.80</td>
-
                                        <td>B.D.</td>
+
<td>0.44</td>
-
<td>0.80</td>
+
<td>0.080</td>
-
<td>0.44</td>
+
</tr>
-
                                        <td>0.080</td>
+
</table>
-
                                </tr>
+
-
</table>
+
<center>
-
                        <center>
+
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/d/de/Characterization_rocF_and_Arg_box.png" width="400px" align="center" />
-
        <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/d/de/Characterization_rocF_and_Arg_box.png" width="400px" align="center" />
+
<div class="graph_title">
-
<div class="graph_title">
+
Fig.2  The average of concentration values detected in duplicate
-
Fig.2  The average of concentration values detected in duplicate </div></center>
+
</div>
 +
</center>
-
<h2 id="2.">2. Characterization of Ptrc-RBS-<i>rocF</i>-Argbox</h2>
+
<h2 id="2.">2. Characterization of Ptrc-RBS-<i>rocF</i>-Argbox</h2>
-
<h3 id="2.1">2.1 Materials</h3>
+
<h3 id="2.1">2.1 Materials</h3>
-
<p>Expression plasmids used in this study are listed in table 1.</p>
+
<p>Expression plasmids used in this study are listed in table 1.</p>
-
<table border="3">
+
-
<caption>TABLE 3. Expression plasmids used in this study</caption>
+
<table border="3">
-
+
<caption>TABLE 3. Expression plasmids used in this study</caption>
-
<tr>
+
<tr>
-
<td>designation</td>
+
<td>designation</td>
-
<td>Parent vector</td>
+
<td>Parent vector</td>
-
<td>Introduced sequence(s)</td>
+
<td>Introduced sequence(s)</td>
-
</tr>
+
</tr>
-
<tr>
+
<tr>
-
<td>Mock (3K3)</td>
+
<td>Mock (3K3)</td>
-
<td>pSB3k3</td>
+
<td>pSB3k3</td>
-
<td>PlacIQ</td>
+
<td>PlacIQ</td>
-
</tr>
+
</tr>
-
                                  <tr>
+
<tr>
-
<td><i>rocF</i> (3K3)</td>
+
<td><i>rocF</i> (3K3)</td>
-
<td>pSB3K3</i></td>
+
<td>pSB3K3</i></td>
-
<td>Ptrc-<i>rocF</i></td>
+
<td>Ptrc-<i>rocF</i></td>
-
</tr>
+
</tr>
-
                                    <tr>
+
<tr>
-
<td><i>rocF</i>+Arg box (3K3)</td>
+
<td><i>rocF</i>+Arg box (3K3)</td>
-
<td>pSB3K3</td>
+
<td>pSB3K3</td>
-
<td>Ptrc-<i>rocF</i>-Arg box</td>
+
<td>Ptrc-<i>rocF</i>-Arg box</td>
-
</tr>
+
</tr>
-
                                <tr>
+
<tr>
-
<td>Mock (6A1)</td>
+
<td>Mock (6A1)</td>
-
<td>pSB6A1</td>
+
<td>pSB6A1</td>
-
<td>gfp (promoter-less)</td>
+
<td>gfp (promoter-less)</td>
-
</tr>
+
</tr>
-
                                  <tr>
+
<tr>
-
<td><i>rocF</i> (6A1)</td>
+
<td><i>rocF</i> (6A1)</td>
-
<td>pSB6A1</i></td>
+
<td>pSB6A1</i></td>
-
<td>Ptrc-<i>rocF</i></td>
+
<td>Ptrc-<i>rocF</i></td>
-
</tr>
+
</tr>
-
                                    <tr>
+
<tr>
-
<td><i>rocF</i>+Arg box (6A1)</td>
+
<td><i>rocF</i>+Arg box (6A1)</td>
-
<td>pSB6A1</td>
+
<td>pSB6A1</td>
-
<td>Ptrc-<i>rocF</i>-Arg box</td>
+
<td>Ptrc-<i>rocF</i>-Arg box</td>
-
</tr>
+
</tr>
-
 
+
</table>
-
 
+
-
</table>
+
<p>
-
<p>
+
In one experiment, MG1655 (argR +) and JE6852 (argR -) were respectively transformed with either mock(3K3), <i>rocF</i>(3K3) or <i>rocF</i>-Arg box(3K3).
-
In one experiment, MG1655 (argR +) and JE6852 (argR -) were respectively transformed with either mock(3K3), <i>rocF</i>(3K3) or <i>rocF</i>-Arg box(3K3).
+
In another experiment, MG1655 (argR +) and  JD24293 (argR -) were respectively transformed with either mock(6A1), <i>rocF</i>(6A1) or <i>rocF</i>-Arg box(6A1).
In another experiment, MG1655 (argR +) and  JD24293 (argR -) were respectively transformed with either mock(6A1), <i>rocF</i>(6A1) or <i>rocF</i>-Arg box(6A1).
-
</p>
+
</p>
-
<h3 id="2.2">2.2 Methods</h3>
+
<h3 id="2.2">2.2 Methods</h3>
-
<h4>2.2.1 Preparation of samples for urea concentration assay</h4>
+
<h4>2.2.1 Preparation of samples for urea concentration assay</h4>
-
<p>
+
<p>
-
<ol>
+
-
        <li>A single colony of cells transformed with engineered plasmids (mock,<i>rocF</i> or <i>rocF</i>+Arg box) was inoculated into 3 mL of LB with appropriate antibiotics and grown to saturation at 37℃.</li>
+
<ol>
-
        <li>The saturated culture was diluted 50-fold, grown till the log phase (OD<sub>600</sub> = 0.5).</li>
+
<li>A single colony of cells transformed with engineered plasmids (mock,<i>rocF</i> or <i>rocF</i>+Arg box) was inoculated into 3 mL of LB with appropriate antibiotics and grown to saturation at 37℃.</li>
-
        <li>The culture was induced with 1 mM IPTG at 37℃ for 1 hour. </li>
+
<li>The saturated culture was diluted 50-fold, grown till the log phase (OD<sub>600</sub> = 0.5).</li>
-
        <li>1.5 mL of culture was centrifuged at 9,000 rpm for 1 minute and the supernatant fluid was used as a sample for urea concentration assay. </li>
+
<li>The culture was induced with 1 mM IPTG at 37℃ for 1 hour. </li>
-
        </ol>
+
<li>1.5 mL of culture was centrifuged at 9,000 rpm for 1 minute and the supernatant fluid was used as a sample for urea concentration assay. </li>
 +
</ol>
</p>
</p>
-
<h4>2.2.2 Urea concentration assay</h4>
+
 +
<h4>2.2.2 Urea concentration assay</h4>
<p>Urea concentrations of the samples were determined colorimetrically with <a href="http://www.clonagen.com/clonagen/ab52e63f-4e38-4465-b325-5fd126415f1a/quantichrom_urea_assay_kit_product.aspx">DIUR-500 -QuantiChrom™ Urea Assay Kit obtained from BioAssay Systems</a>.<br />
<p>Urea concentrations of the samples were determined colorimetrically with <a href="http://www.clonagen.com/clonagen/ab52e63f-4e38-4465-b325-5fd126415f1a/quantichrom_urea_assay_kit_product.aspx">DIUR-500 -QuantiChrom™ Urea Assay Kit obtained from BioAssay Systems</a>.<br />
Detailed methods are as follows.
Detailed methods are as follows.
-
<ol>
+
<ol>
-
        <li>10 &micro;L of the supernatant fluid from each sample, 10 &micro;L blank(LB),and 10 &micro;L standard (10 mg/dL urea LB) were transferred to wells of clear bottom 96-well plates. </li>
+
<li>10 &micro;L of the supernatant fluid from each sample, 10 &micro;L blank(LB),and 10 &micro;L standard (10 mg/dL urea LB) were transferred to wells of clear bottom 96-well plates. </li>
-
        <li>200 &micro;L working reagent for coloring reaction from DIUR-500 -QuantiChrom™ Urea Assay Kit was added and the wells were taped lightly to mix.</li>
+
<li>200 &micro;L working reagent for coloring reaction from DIUR-500 -QuantiChrom™ Urea Assay Kit was added and the wells were taped lightly to mix.</li>
-
      <li>The mixture was incubated for 20 munites at room temperature.</li>
+
<li>The mixture was incubated for 20 munites at room temperature.</li>
-
        <li>Optical density at 450 nm was read and urea concentration (mg/dL) of the sample was calculated as<br />
+
<li>
-
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/5/55/Kit_equation.png" alt="equation" />.<br />
+
Optical density at 450 nm was read and urea concentration (mg/dL) of the sample was calculated as<br />
-
ODSAMPLE, ODBLANK and ODSTANDARD are OD<sub>450</sub> values of sample, standard and blank, respectively. </li>
+
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/5/55/Kit_equation.png" alt="equation" />.<br />
-
       
+
ODSAMPLE, ODBLANK and ODSTANDARD are OD<sub>450</sub> values of sample, standard and blank, respectively.  
-
        </ol>
+
</li>
 +
</ol>
</p>
</p>
-
<h5>Standard curve for coloring reaction in urea assay</h5>
+
<h5>Standard curve for coloring reaction in urea assay</h5>
<p>To generate standard curve, 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 7.5, 10 mg/dL urea LB were assayed in triplicate in the same way as the samples. Standard curve is shown in Fig.1.<br />
<p>To generate standard curve, 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 7.5, 10 mg/dL urea LB were assayed in triplicate in the same way as the samples. Standard curve is shown in Fig.1.<br />
-
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/9/9c/Standard_curve.png" alt="Standard curve for coloring reaction in urea assay" width="400px" /> <br />  
+
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/9/9c/Standard_curve.png" alt="Standard curve for coloring reaction in urea assay" width="400px" /> <br />  
-
Fig.3 Standard curve for coloring reaction in urea assay
+
Fig.3 Standard curve for coloring reaction in urea assay
-
+
-
 
+
</p>
</p>
-
<h3 id="2.3">2.3 Results</h3>
+
 
-
<center>
+
<h3 id="2.3">2.3 Results</h3>
-
        <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/9/90/RocF-Arg_box_on_pSB3K3.png" width="400px" align="center" />
+
 
 +
<center>
 +
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/9/90/RocF-Arg_box_on_pSB3K3.png" width="400px" align="center" />
  <div class="graph_title">
  <div class="graph_title">
-
Fig.4  Urea concentration detected in bacterial samples on pSB3K3 </div></center>
+
Fig.4  Urea concentration detected in bacterial samples on pSB3K3
-
<center>
+
</div>
-
        <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/5/5b/RocF-Arg_box_on_pSB6A1.png" width="400px" align="center" />
+
</center>
 +
<center>
 +
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2011/5/5b/RocF-Arg_box_on_pSB6A1.png" width="400px" align="center" />
  <div class="graph_title">
  <div class="graph_title">
-
Fig.5  Urea concentration detected in bacterial samples on pSB6A1 </div></center>
+
Fig.5  Urea concentration detected in bacterial samples on pSB6A1
-
<p>
+
</div>
-
In MG1655(argR +), addition of Trc promoter-<i>rocF</i> led to more production of urea compared to the bare backbone pSB6A1 as expected. These results show that insertion of <i>rocF</i> resulted in arginase production as expected, therefore completing the urea cycle in E. coli. In the same strain, however, addition of Arg box sequence led to little change in urea production. The reason why the effect of Arg boxes was not apparent is probably that pSB6A1 is a low-copy-number plasmid, in contrast to high-copy number used in the previous report. A low-copy-number plasmid is not capable of introducing enough number of Arg boxes to effectively deactivate the arginine repressor. Both of the plasmids containing <i>rocF</i> gene in the stain JD24293(argR -) produce urea more efficiently than those in MG1655.
+
</center>
-
</p>
+
 
-
<p>
+
<p>
-
These results are in line with the fact that JD24293 carries argR (a gene which codes arginine repressor) loss-of-function mutant, which means deactivation of arginine repressor by Arg boxes is not needed and addition of the Arg box does not result in a significant increase of urea production. In both cases when pSB3K3 was used and when pSB6A1 was used, similer results were obtained.
+
In MG1655(argR +), addition of Trc promoter-<i>rocF</i> led to more production of urea compared to the bare backbone pSB6A1 as expected. These results show that insertion of <i>rocF</i> resulted in arginase production as expected, therefore completing the urea cycle in E. coli. In the same strain, however, addition of Arg box sequence led to little change in urea production. The reason why the effect of Arg boxes was not apparent is probably that pSB6A1 is a low-copy-number plasmid, in contrast to high-copy number used in the previous report. A low-copy-number plasmid is not capable of introducing enough number of Arg boxes to effectively deactivate the arginine repressor. Both of the plasmids containing <i>rocF</i> gene in the stain JD24293(argR -) produce urea more efficiently than those in MG1655.
-
</p>
+
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
These results are in line with the fact that JD24293 carries argR (a gene which codes arginine repressor) loss-of-function mutant, which means deactivation of arginine repressor by Arg boxes is not needed and addition of the Arg box does not result in a significant increase of urea production. In both cases when pSB3K3 was used and when pSB6A1 was used, similer results were obtained.
 +
</p>

Revision as of 10:00, 27 October 2011

Assay Method and Results

1. Characterization of rocF and Arg box

1.1 Materials

Expression plasmids used in this study are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1. Expression plasmids used for Charcterization of rocF and Arg box
designation pSB3K3 pSB6A1
mock PlacIQ Alcohol-dehydrogenase(promoter-less)
rocF Ptrc-rocF Alcohol-dehydrogenase(promoter-less)
rocF+Arg box Ptrc-rocF Arg box
Strain MG1655 was transformed with either mock, tocF or rocF + Arg. As shown in Table 1, rocF gene was introduced on pSB3K3 and Arg boxes were introduced on pSB6A1.

1.2 Methods

1.2.1 Preparation of samples for urea concentration assay

  1. A single colony of cells transformed with engineered plasmids (mock,rocF or rocF+Arg box) was inoculated into 3 mL of LB with appropriate antibiotics and grown to saturation at 37℃.
  2. The saturated culture was diluted 50-fold, grown till the log phase (OD600 = 0.5).
  3. The culture was induced with 1 mM IPTG at 37℃ for 1 hour.
  4. 1.5 mL of culture was centrifuged at 9,000 rpm for 1 minute and the supernatant fluid was used as a sample for urea concentration assay.

1.2.2 Urea concentration assay

Urea concentrations of the samples were determined colorimetrically with DIUR-500 -QuantiChrom™ Urea Assay Kit obtained from BioAssay Systems.
Detailed methods are as follows.

  1. 10 µL of the supernatant fluid from each sample, 10 µL blank(LB),and 10 µL standard (10 mg/dL urea LB) were transferred to wells of clear bottom 96-well plates.
  2. 200 µL working reagent for coloring reaction from DIUR-500 -QuantiChrom™ Urea Assay Kit was added and the wells were taped lightly to mix.
  3. The mixture was incubated for 20 munites at room temperature.
  4. Optical density at 450 nm was read and urea concentration (mg/dL) of the sample was calculated as
    equation.
    ODSAMPLE, ODBLANK and ODSTANDARD are OD450 values of sample, standard and blank, respectively.

Standard curve for coloring reaction in urea assay

To generate standard curve, 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 7.5, 10 mg/dL urea LB were assayed in triplicate in the same way as the samples. Standard curve is shown in Fig.1.
Standard curve for coloring reaction in urea assay
Fig.1 Standard curve for coloring reaction in urea assay

1.3 Results

Each sample was assayed in duplicate urea concentration detected in each sample is shown in Table 2. Fig. 2 shows the average of these 2 values.

TABLE 2. Urea concentrations detected in duplicated
colony No. mock rocF rocF+Arg box
#1 1.9 4.9 7.3
#2 0.75 4.3 7.2
Average 1.3 4.6 7.2
B.D. 0.80 0.44 0.080
Fig.2 The average of concentration values detected in duplicate

2. Characterization of Ptrc-RBS-rocF-Argbox

2.1 Materials

Expression plasmids used in this study are listed in table 1.

TABLE 3. Expression plasmids used in this study
designation Parent vector Introduced sequence(s)
Mock (3K3) pSB3k3 PlacIQ
rocF (3K3) pSB3K3 Ptrc-rocF
rocF+Arg box (3K3) pSB3K3 Ptrc-rocF-Arg box
Mock (6A1) pSB6A1 gfp (promoter-less)
rocF (6A1) pSB6A1 Ptrc-rocF
rocF+Arg box (6A1) pSB6A1 Ptrc-rocF-Arg box

In one experiment, MG1655 (argR +) and JE6852 (argR -) were respectively transformed with either mock(3K3), rocF(3K3) or rocF-Arg box(3K3). In another experiment, MG1655 (argR +) and JD24293 (argR -) were respectively transformed with either mock(6A1), rocF(6A1) or rocF-Arg box(6A1).

2.2 Methods

2.2.1 Preparation of samples for urea concentration assay

  1. A single colony of cells transformed with engineered plasmids (mock,rocF or rocF+Arg box) was inoculated into 3 mL of LB with appropriate antibiotics and grown to saturation at 37℃.
  2. The saturated culture was diluted 50-fold, grown till the log phase (OD600 = 0.5).
  3. The culture was induced with 1 mM IPTG at 37℃ for 1 hour.
  4. 1.5 mL of culture was centrifuged at 9,000 rpm for 1 minute and the supernatant fluid was used as a sample for urea concentration assay.

2.2.2 Urea concentration assay

Urea concentrations of the samples were determined colorimetrically with DIUR-500 -QuantiChrom™ Urea Assay Kit obtained from BioAssay Systems.
Detailed methods are as follows.

  1. 10 µL of the supernatant fluid from each sample, 10 µL blank(LB),and 10 µL standard (10 mg/dL urea LB) were transferred to wells of clear bottom 96-well plates.
  2. 200 µL working reagent for coloring reaction from DIUR-500 -QuantiChrom™ Urea Assay Kit was added and the wells were taped lightly to mix.
  3. The mixture was incubated for 20 munites at room temperature.
  4. Optical density at 450 nm was read and urea concentration (mg/dL) of the sample was calculated as
    equation.
    ODSAMPLE, ODBLANK and ODSTANDARD are OD450 values of sample, standard and blank, respectively.

Standard curve for coloring reaction in urea assay

To generate standard curve, 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 7.5, 10 mg/dL urea LB were assayed in triplicate in the same way as the samples. Standard curve is shown in Fig.1.
Standard curve for coloring reaction in urea assay
Fig.3 Standard curve for coloring reaction in urea assay

2.3 Results

Fig.4 Urea concentration detected in bacterial samples on pSB3K3
Fig.5 Urea concentration detected in bacterial samples on pSB6A1

In MG1655(argR +), addition of Trc promoter-rocF led to more production of urea compared to the bare backbone pSB6A1 as expected. These results show that insertion of rocF resulted in arginase production as expected, therefore completing the urea cycle in E. coli. In the same strain, however, addition of Arg box sequence led to little change in urea production. The reason why the effect of Arg boxes was not apparent is probably that pSB6A1 is a low-copy-number plasmid, in contrast to high-copy number used in the previous report. A low-copy-number plasmid is not capable of introducing enough number of Arg boxes to effectively deactivate the arginine repressor. Both of the plasmids containing rocF gene in the stain JD24293(argR -) produce urea more efficiently than those in MG1655.

These results are in line with the fact that JD24293 carries argR (a gene which codes arginine repressor) loss-of-function mutant, which means deactivation of arginine repressor by Arg boxes is not needed and addition of the Arg box does not result in a significant increase of urea production. In both cases when pSB3K3 was used and when pSB6A1 was used, similer results were obtained.

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