http://2011.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Calgary/Project/Reporter&feed=atom&action=historyTeam:Calgary/Project/Reporter - Revision history2024-03-28T20:37:52ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.16.0http://2011.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Calgary/Project/Reporter&diff=261989&oldid=prevEmily Hicks at 03:32, 29 October 20112011-10-29T03:32:26Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>In order to perform cyclic voltammetry, specialized equipment is usually required. Such equipment is rare in biology labs, so we have created potentiostat prototypes - a device that outputs a known voltage and measures a corresponding current between two electrodes. These prototypes are cheap to build and have been shown to function as expected. However, for our measurements we used a commercial potentiostat and it's accompanying software to reduce the amount of time needed for data analysis.</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>In order to perform cyclic voltammetry, specialized equipment is usually required. Such equipment is rare in biology labs, so we have created potentiostat prototypes - a device that outputs a known voltage and measures a corresponding current between two electrodes. These prototypes are cheap to build and have been shown to function as expected. However, for our measurements we used a commercial potentiostat and it's accompanying software to reduce the amount of time needed for data analysis.</p></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></html>[[image:Calgary2011_ourpotentiostat.jpg|thumb|600px|center|<b>Figure 5</b> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">A potentiostat setup </del>capable of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">taking cyclic voltammetry measurements</del>.]]<html></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></html>[[image:Calgary2011_ourpotentiostat.jpg|thumb|600px|center|<b>Figure 5</b> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Two homemade potentiostats </ins>capable of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">detecting chlorophenol red oxidation. The one on the left uses a breadboard as it's backbone, while the one on the right is soldered onto a prototyping board</ins>.]]<html></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>For preliminary data, <a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:Calgary/Project/Preliminary_Data">click here</a>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>For preliminary data, <a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:Calgary/Project/Preliminary_Data">click here</a>.</div></td></tr>
</table>Emily Hickshttp://2011.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Calgary/Project/Reporter&diff=261737&oldid=prevPjwu at 03:18, 29 October 20112011-10-29T03:18:13Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>In order to perform cyclic voltammetry, specialized equipment is usually required. Such equipment is rare in biology labs, so we have created potentiostat prototypes - a device that outputs a known voltage and measures a corresponding current between two electrodes. These prototypes are cheap to build and have been shown to function as expected. However, for our measurements we used a commercial potentiostat and it's accompanying software to reduce the amount of time needed for data analysis.</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>In order to perform cyclic voltammetry, specialized equipment is usually required. Such equipment is rare in biology labs, so we have created potentiostat prototypes - a device that outputs a known voltage and measures a corresponding current between two electrodes. These prototypes are cheap to build and have been shown to function as expected. However, for our measurements we used a commercial potentiostat and it's accompanying software to reduce the amount of time needed for data analysis.</p></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></html>[[image:Calgary2011_ourpotentiostat.jpg|thumb|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">200px</del>|center|<b>Figure 5</b> A potentiostat setup capable of taking cyclic voltammetry measurements.]]<html></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></html>[[image:Calgary2011_ourpotentiostat.jpg|thumb|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">600px</ins>|center|<b>Figure 5</b> A potentiostat setup capable of taking cyclic voltammetry measurements.]]<html></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>For preliminary data, <a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:Calgary/Project/Preliminary_Data">click here</a>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>For preliminary data, <a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:Calgary/Project/Preliminary_Data">click here</a>.</div></td></tr>
</table>Pjwuhttp://2011.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Calgary/Project/Reporter&diff=260279&oldid=prevPjwu at 02:08, 29 October 20112011-10-29T02:08:01Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Oilsands tailings ponds samples are difficult to work with for several different reasons. First of all, tailings ponds samples are murky, and can have greatly varying compositions from pond to pond. It would be difficult to obtain accurate colorimetric data from these samples, and it would be similarly difficult to readily observe fluorescence. Because an electrochemical response does not rely on being able to see anything, Team Calgary determined the electrochemical reporter to be ideal for this purpose.</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Oilsands tailings ponds samples are difficult to work with for several different reasons. First of all, tailings ponds samples are murky, and can have greatly varying compositions from pond to pond. It would be difficult to obtain accurate colorimetric data from these samples, and it would be similarly difficult to readily observe fluorescence. Because an electrochemical response does not rely on being able to see anything, Team Calgary determined the electrochemical reporter to be ideal for this purpose.</p></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Electrochemical reporters offer several advantages over colorimetric and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">flourometric </del>reporters: the signal is robust enough to not be altered by the presence of pollutants or sample turbidity; the oxidation potential of our analyte is distinct and can be readily distinguished between our desired signal and background noise; and the data is immediately available for analysis. </p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Electrochemical reporters offer several advantages over colorimetric and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">fluorometric </ins>reporters: the signal is robust enough to not be altered by the presence of pollutants or sample turbidity; the oxidation potential of our analyte is distinct and can be readily distinguished between our desired signal and background noise; and the data is immediately available for analysis. </p></div></td></tr>
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</table>Pjwuhttp://2011.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Calgary/Project/Reporter&diff=259179&oldid=prevNiko at 00:58, 29 October 20112011-10-29T00:58:30Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>As voltage slowly increases and decreases, each species present in solution will undergo a redox reaction at its respective oxidation potential. Because we know the oxidation potential of our analyte, chlorophenol red (CPR), we can ignore any background noise or pollution using this method.</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>As voltage slowly increases and decreases, each species present in solution will undergo a redox reaction at its respective oxidation potential. Because we know the oxidation potential of our analyte, chlorophenol red (CPR), we can ignore any background noise or pollution using this method.</p></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>A three-electrode setup is required to perform cyclic voltammetry. The electrical current passes between the working and counter electrodes <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">- and </del>the potential difference between the reference electrode and counter electrode is controlled. This setup allows us to take voltage and current readings that do not interfere with each other.</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>A three-electrode setup is required to perform cyclic voltammetry. The electrical current passes between the working and counter electrodes <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">while </ins>the potential difference between the reference electrode and counter electrode is controlled. This setup allows us to take voltage and current readings that do not interfere with each other.</p></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></html>[[image:Calgary2011_potentiostat.png|thumb|400px|center|<b>Figure 4</b> A schematic for a potentiostat suitable for performing cyclic voltammetry. Source: Gopinath and Russell, 2005.]]<html></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></html>[[image:Calgary2011_potentiostat.png|thumb|400px|center|<b>Figure 4</b> A schematic for a potentiostat suitable for performing cyclic voltammetry. Source: Gopinath and Russell, 2005.]]<html></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>In order to perform cyclic voltammetry, specialized equipment is usually required. Such equipment is rare in biology labs, so we have created potentiostat prototypes - a device that outputs a known voltage and measures a corresponding current <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">across </del>two electrodes. These prototypes are cheap to build and have been shown to function as expected. However, for our measurements we used a commercial potentiostat and it's accompanying software to reduce the amount of time needed for data analysis.</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>In order to perform cyclic voltammetry, specialized equipment is usually required. Such equipment is rare in biology labs, so we have created potentiostat prototypes - a device that outputs a known voltage and measures a corresponding current <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">between </ins>two electrodes. These prototypes are cheap to build and have been shown to function as expected. However, for our measurements we used a commercial potentiostat and it's accompanying software to reduce the amount of time needed for data analysis.</p></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></html>[[image:Calgary2011_ourpotentiostat.jpg|thumb|200px|center|<b>Figure 5</b> A potentiostat setup capable of taking cyclic voltammetry measurements.]]<html></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></html>[[image:Calgary2011_ourpotentiostat.jpg|thumb|200px|center|<b>Figure 5</b> A potentiostat setup capable of taking cyclic voltammetry measurements.]]<html></div></td></tr>
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</table>Nikohttp://2011.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Calgary/Project/Reporter&diff=257755&oldid=prevEmily Hicks at 23:18, 28 October 20112011-10-28T23:18:30Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>For preliminary data, <a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:Calgary/Project/Preliminary_Data">click here</a>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>For preliminary data, <a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:Calgary/Project/Preliminary_Data">click here</a>.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>For characterization <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and optimization </del>data, <a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:Calgary/Project/Promoter/Final_Data">click here</a>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>For characterization data, <a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:Calgary/Project/Promoter/Final_Data">click here</a>.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">For electrochemical optimization, <a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:Calgary/Project/Reporter/Optimization">click here</a><br></ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>Emily Hickshttp://2011.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Calgary/Project/Reporter&diff=257402&oldid=prevEmily Hicks at 22:49, 28 October 20112011-10-28T22:49:46Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>For characterization data, <a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:Calgary/Project/Promoter/Final_Data">click here</a>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>For characterization <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and optimization </ins>data, <a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:Calgary/Project/Promoter/Final_Data">click here</a>.</div></td></tr>
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</table>Emily Hickshttp://2011.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Calgary/Project/Reporter&diff=257356&oldid=prevEmily Hicks at 22:46, 28 October 20112011-10-28T22:46:55Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>In order to perform cyclic voltammetry, specialized equipment is usually required. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Because such </del>equipment is <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">usually unavailable </del>in biology labs, we <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">built our own </del>potentiostat - a <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">piece of equipment </del>that outputs a known voltage and measures a corresponding current across two electrodes. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Although </del>we used a <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">commercially available </del>potentiostat to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">conduct our experiments, we decided to build our own to demonstrate that a cheap, reliable set-up is feasible</del>.</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>In order to perform cyclic voltammetry, specialized equipment is usually required. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Such </ins>equipment is <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">rare </ins>in biology labs, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">so </ins>we <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">have created </ins>potentiostat <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">prototypes </ins>- a <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">device </ins>that outputs a known voltage and measures a corresponding current across two electrodes. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">These prototypes are cheap to build and have been shown to function as expected. However, for our measurements </ins>we used a <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">commercial </ins>potentiostat <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and it's accompanying software </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">reduce the amount of time needed for data analysis</ins>.</p></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></html>[[image:Calgary2011_ourpotentiostat.jpg|thumb|200px|center|<b>Figure 5</b> A potentiostat setup capable of taking cyclic voltammetry measurements.]]<html></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></html>[[image:Calgary2011_ourpotentiostat.jpg|thumb|200px|center|<b>Figure 5</b> A potentiostat setup capable of taking cyclic voltammetry measurements.]]<html></div></td></tr>
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</table>Emily Hickshttp://2011.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Calgary/Project/Reporter&diff=203434&oldid=prevSj.dixon at 04:20, 29 September 20112011-09-29T04:20:05Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <span id="theory"><h2>What is a Reporter?</h2></span></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <span id="theory"><h2>What is a Reporter?</h2></span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <p> Being able to detect a particle in laboratory conditions can vary drastically from conditions in situ. After the presence of naphthenic acids is confirmed <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">by our promoter</del>, we will require a reporter system for our bacteria to report accurately and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">decisively</del>. Over the course of the project, Team Calgary considered three different reporter systems - colorimetric, fluorescent, and electrochemical. After weighing the advantages and disadvantages of each approach, we decided to use the electrochemical approach.</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> <p> Being able to detect a particle in laboratory conditions can vary drastically from conditions <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><i></ins>in situ.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></i> </ins>After the presence of naphthenic acids is confirmed, we will require a reporter system for our bacteria to report <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">their concentration </ins>accurately and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">with high resolution</ins>. Over the course of the project, Team Calgary considered three different reporter systems - colorimetric, fluorescent, and electrochemical. After weighing the advantages and disadvantages of each approach, we decided to use the electrochemical approach. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </ins></p></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><span id="practice"><h2>Why Electrochemical?</h2></span></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><span id="practice"><h2>Why Electrochemical?</h2></span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></html>[[image:UofC_tpw.jpg|thumb|200px|right|<b>Figure 1</b> Tailings pond water is often murky and turbid, with an unknown composition of pollutants within.]]<html></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></html>[[image:UofC_tpw.jpg|thumb|200px|right|<b>Figure 1</b> Tailings pond water is often murky and turbid, with an unknown composition of pollutants within.]]<html></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del><p>Oilsands tailings ponds samples are difficult to work with for several different reasons. First of all, tailings ponds samples are murky, and can have greatly varying compositions from pond to pond. It would be difficult to obtain accurate colorimetric data from these samples, and it would be similarly difficult to readily observe fluorescence. Because an electrochemical response does not rely on being able to see anything, Team Calgary determined the electrochemical reporter to be ideal for this purpose.</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Oilsands tailings ponds samples are difficult to work with for several different reasons. First of all, tailings ponds samples are murky, and can have greatly varying compositions from pond to pond. It would be difficult to obtain accurate colorimetric data from these samples, and it would be similarly difficult to readily observe fluorescence. Because an electrochemical response does not rely on being able to see anything, Team Calgary determined the electrochemical reporter to be ideal for this purpose.</p></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Electrochemical reporters offer several advantages over colorimetric and flourometric reporters: the signal is robust enough to not be altered by the presence of pollutants or sample turbidity; the oxidation potential of our analyte is distinct and can be readily distinguished between our desired signal and background noise; and the data is immediately available for analysis. </p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Electrochemical reporters offer several advantages over colorimetric and flourometric reporters: the signal is robust enough to not be altered by the presence of pollutants or sample turbidity; the oxidation potential of our analyte is distinct and can be readily distinguished between our desired signal and background noise; and the data is immediately available for analysis. </p></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></html>[[image:UofC2011_BGAL.png|thumb|400px|left|<b>Figure 2</b> Schematic diagram for the conversion of CPGR to CPR and Galactose. CPR can be oxidized at a specific voltage to produce an electrochemical output.]]<html></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></html>[[image:UofC2011_BGAL.png|thumb|400px|left|<b>Figure 2</b> Schematic diagram for the conversion of CPGR to CPR and Galactose. CPR can be oxidized at a specific voltage to produce an electrochemical output.]]<html></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>We decided to use the<i> lacZ </i>gene in our electrochemical reporter. Although traditionally, the <i>lacZ</i> gene (BBa_I732005) is used as a reporter for colorimetric assays (cleaving X-gal to create a blue pigment), the gene product ß-galactosidase, is capable of cleaving a variety of substrates. It has been shown by Biran <i>et al.</i> (1999) that ß-galactosidase can cleave p-aminophenyl-ß-D-galactopyranoside (PAPG), producing p-aminophenol (PAP). PAP can be oxidized at an electrode enabling detection of an electrochemical signal. It’s been shown that chlorophenolred-ß-D-galactopyranoside (CPRG) can also be cleaved by beta-galactosidase, producing chlorophenol red (CPR) and galactose. This substrate produces both a distinct color change (yellow to purple), and an electrochemical signal.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><p></ins>We decided to use the<i> lacZ </i>gene in our electrochemical reporter. Although traditionally, the <i>lacZ</i> gene (BBa_I732005) is used as a reporter for colorimetric assays (cleaving X-gal to create a blue pigment), the gene product ß-galactosidase, is capable of cleaving a variety of substrates. It has been shown by Biran <i>et al.</i> (1999) that ß-galactosidase can cleave p-aminophenyl-ß-D-galactopyranoside (PAPG), producing p-aminophenol (PAP). PAP can be oxidized at an electrode enabling detection of an electrochemical signal. It’s been shown that chlorophenolred-ß-D-galactopyranoside (CPRG) can also be cleaved by beta-galactosidase, producing chlorophenol red (CPR) and galactose. This substrate produces both a distinct color change (yellow to purple), and an electrochemical signal.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></p></ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>Sj.dixonhttp://2011.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Calgary/Project/Reporter&diff=202133&oldid=prevNiko at 03:36, 29 September 20112011-09-29T03:36:05Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>As voltage slowly increases and decreases, each species present in solution will undergo a redox reaction at its respective oxidation potential. Because we know the oxidation potential of our analyte, chlorophenol red (CPR), we can ignore any background noise or pollution using this method.</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>As voltage slowly increases and decreases, each species present in solution will undergo a redox reaction at its respective oxidation potential. Because we know the oxidation potential of our analyte, chlorophenol red (CPR), we can ignore any background noise or pollution using this method.</p></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>A three-electrode setup is required to perform cyclic voltammetry. The electrical current passes between the working and counter electrodes - and the potential difference between the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">third </del>electrode and counter electrode is controlled. This setup allows us to take voltage and current readings that do not interfere with each other.</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>A three-electrode setup is required to perform cyclic voltammetry. The electrical current passes between the working and counter electrodes - and the potential difference between the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">reference </ins>electrode and counter electrode is controlled. This setup allows us to take voltage and current readings that do not interfere with each other.</p></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></html>[[image:Calgary2011_potentiostat.png|thumb|400px|center|<b>Figure 4</b> A schematic for a potentiostat suitable for performing cyclic voltammetry. Source: Gopinath and Russell, 2005.]]<html></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></html>[[image:Calgary2011_potentiostat.png|thumb|400px|center|<b>Figure 4</b> A schematic for a potentiostat suitable for performing cyclic voltammetry. Source: Gopinath and Russell, 2005.]]<html></div></td></tr>
</table>Nikohttp://2011.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Calgary/Project/Reporter&diff=201440&oldid=prevPjwu at 03:14, 29 September 20112011-09-29T03:14:08Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>For characterization data, <a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:Calgary/Project/Promoter/Final_Data">click here</a>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>For characterization data, <a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:Calgary/Project/Promoter/Final_Data">click here</a>.</div></td></tr>
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