Team:Korea U Seoul/Notebook

From 2011.igem.org

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2/16

We had a second meeting to study about iGEM registry.

• We learned about:

1. A reason for using low # in plasmid backbone's operation, and its merits and demerits.
2. How to express parts of plasmid such as RBS, promoter, ...etc.
3. Types of restriction enzymes
4. Why a scar occurs and how to prevent it (Silver's method, application of Berkley's method, Lim standard)
5. How to construct a backbone having desired origins and antibiotic resistance based on Reshma method.
6. Practical usage in companies.
7. Both parts and plasmids can be archived (recording, saving, storing)

• What we didn't understand were:

1. Why scars occur, and preventing shift caused from it, and a relationship between mixed and scar.
2. What the meaning of 'shuffling protein domain' and 'overhanging of 4 base pair' in Lims standard are.
3. Relationship between restriction sites E, S, N.

2/18

• We continued a study about parts registry.

http://partsregistry.org/Part_Names

http://partsregistry.org/Help:BioBrick_Prefix_and_Suffix

http://partsregistry.org/Assembly:Composable

http://partsregistry.org/Help:BioBrick_Assembly

http://partsregistry.org/Assembly:Standard_assembly

http://openwetware.org/wiki/Synthetic_Biology:BioBricks/3A_assembly

http://partsregistry.org/Assembly:Rolling_assembly

http://partsregistry.org/Assembly:RBS-CDS_issues

http://partsregistry.org/Help:Ribosome_Binding_Sites

http://partsregistry.org/Ribosome_Binding_Sites/Catalog

http://partsregistry.org/Ribosome_Binding_Sites/Further_Reading

http://partsregistry.org/Ribosome_Binding_Sites/Glossary

http://partsregistry.org/Help:Ribosome_Binding_Sites/Mechanism

http://partsregistry.org/Ribosome_Binding_Sites/Design

http://partsregistry.org/Ribosome_Binding_Sites/Construction

http://partsregistry.org/Help:Ribosome_Binding_Sites/Standard_Assembly

http://partsregistry.org/Help:Ribosome_Binding_Sites/Mechanism#The_Shine-Dalgarno_Sequence

• We studied about part's prefix and suffix and how to assemble it. We went further to find out what an RBS is, and studied glossaries and composition of them. Then we asked concepts we didn't understand to advisors.

2/21

Today’s meeting was canceled due to an unexpected problem with school’s Wi-Fi. We therefore had a question-and-answer session.

• The questions were:

1. Aligned space.
2. Orthogonal RBS
3. Meaning of 'various purposes of origin of replication'.

2/23

We finished studying the 'Help' section of registry.

• What we learned and did:

1. Termination, rho-dependent/independent pathway, types of RNA polymerase.
2. Design, components, construction, efficiency of terminator.
3. There are forward, reverse, and bidirectional terminators.
4. How to differentiate between natural parts and synthesized parts using barcode.
5. Parts symbols.
6. Read dissertations related to the above topics.

• Questions

1. The relationship between poly (A) tract, poly (T) tract and bidirectional terminator
   • (http://partsregistry.org/Help:Terminators/Design)
2. What is a reverse primer and why we need to design it in oligo terminator construction
   • (http://partsregistry.org/Help:Terminators/Construction)
3. The meaning of forward/bidirectional/reverse terminator
4. The Existence of forward/bidirectional/reverse terminator in eukaryotic cell
5. The meaning of barcode in forward/bidirectional/reverse terminator
6. The meaning of stop/start/binding symbols

• Conference

- We decided to see previous years’ finalists' research for brain-storming.

- Kyengwoo Jang will be editor-in-chief of wiki, and Min-jeong Lee will manage tweeter. Other members will also play a part in managing them.

- We divided the team into three groups for effective drawing of ideas.

• Group 1 : MinGyu Kim, Seungwan Chae, Haerim Song, YunHyung Choi, Sooyoung Yoon, JinSick Choi.
• Group 2 : JeongWan Chae, Kyengwoo Jang, Ji-hyong Nam, Jong woo Hong, Min-jeong Lee, Songa Jung, Areum Go.
• Group 3 : Seong Min Pak, Yeji Chae, Seungbo Ryu, Hanon Lee, Beomgyo O, Heuiseop Jung.

- Once first semester begins in March, we will have meetings once a week.

- Until the end of March, we need to gather/organize our ideas and make overall outline of our research procedure.

2/25

We studied using 2010 iGEM teams’ posters. We focused on coming up with ideas and observing how the posters were made, rather than trying to understand the overall mechanism.

1. Slovenia
   • Zinc finger; viewing it methodologically: SPR, EMSA, beta-galactosidase activity
   • Explanation of oscillators based on ZNFs
2. Peking
   • Heavy metal decontamination kit; detection of mercury and its coagulation.
3. BCCS-Bristol
   • Measuring of nitrogen concentration using microorganism to measure soil fertility level.

• Conference

- We decided to receive additional applications to join the KU-iGEM team until 28/2/2011.

- After first semester begins, meetings will be held every Friday at 7PM

- Leader of each group

• Group 1 : MinGyu Kim

• Group 2 : JeongWan Chae

• Group 3 : Seong Min Pak

- On 3/4, we will have a presentation on the 2009 iGEM finalists.

- Each team should think of at least two ideas and present them by 18/3/2011

2/28

Studied other teams’ posters

- First presentation – Alkanivore

• Microorganism that is capapble of removing oil, which contaminates oceans.

- Second presentation – Parasite (Imperial College London)

• Schistosoma

- Third presentation – Application of bioluminescence (Cambridge)

• Members brain-stormed about Gibson PCR to understand its mechanism

• Current plans

- Groups will get together separately and have meetings to come up with new ideas.

- March 4th 7 O’clock

• 2009 finalist team poster study

3/4

At Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 1st competition: 2011. 10/15~16

At Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2nd competition: 2011. 11/5~7

• Brain-storming

• Focus on

1. Being original; come up with an ‘interesting’ research subject
2. An already existing idea which failed in experiments

(Experiment should involve bacteria)

• Today’s meeting – 2009 finals team posters

1. Valencia team
2. Cambridge team
3. Imperial College London team
4. Heidelberg team

3/18

• Group 1

1. Collection/removal of petroleum
   • Transportation of petroleum-containing micelle by magnetotaxis
   • By using magnetotaxis, we can concentrate the microorganism at a certain place once the organism consumes petroleum (Formation of a micelle by using hydrophobic outer membrane is a difficult task, however.)
   • -Additionally, the possibility of drug-detecting E.coli. Fluorescing upon detection.
2. Dealing with automobile exhaust
   • Incorporation of a gene that enables the microorganism to perform denitrification. (Removal of NO2, SO2)
   • Formation of a semi-permeable membrane that only allows passage of gas.
   • With this membrane in-between, exhaust and the liquid containing the microorganism will flow in opposite directions.
3. Rare-earth-metal-detecting microorganism
   • Microorganism that can detect lanthanides.
   • Formation of a porphyrin that can bind specifically with a desired ion size. Porphyrin will bind with lanthanides.
   • After binding, recollect the microorganism and extract the metal.
4. Bacteria for drought preparation
   • Expression of a polysaccharide with many OHs on bacteria’s outer membrane.
   • These OHs can bind exceptionally well with water, enabling them to hold a relatively large amount of water.
   • Once drought begins, bacteria will form an endospore, allowing them to survive the drought, and plants will be able to absorb water from them.

• Group 2

1. Self-adjusting window blind
   • Utilizes phototaxis
   • Microorganism reacts to strong light concentration, and their movement activates a micromoter, which alters the degree in which blind is bent.
2. Microorganism art
   • Utilizes microorganisms that differ in their preference of growth conditions: Oxygen concentration, temperature and atmospheric pressure,
   • Apply stimulus to lead the organisms to form a desired shape.
3. Detection of alteration in food
   • In the case of ice-cream, refreezing it after it has melted decreases its flavor and quality.
   • Because of the covering on food, it is difficult to detect any changes with bare eyes.
   • Design an organism that changes gene expression when temperature rises abnormally.
   • By incorporating sensors (made of the above mentioned microorganisms) on the covering, it is possible to detect changes.
4. Microorganisms that detect many changes
   • Atmospheric pressure sensing microorganism that changes color depending on pressure: incorporating it into balloons may produce balloons that change color as they rise in altitude.
   • Microorganism that can detect differences in chemical structure of ingredients in food: May be able to differentiate between good cheese and bad cheese.
   • Microorganism that can detect small vibrations.
5. Odor-removing microorganism
   • Removes bacteria that proliferate and actively engage in metabolic activity on the skin of sweating humans.
   • Alters chemical structure of the odor-causing substance, making the odor more favorable.
6. Bio-pesticide
   • Fusion of pest-resistant microorganisms and endospore-forming microorganism.
7. Prevention of petroleum spreading
   • There appears to be a substance that increases petroleum’s viscosity, decreasing the speed in which it spreads.
   • Design a microorganism that produces such substance.

Group 3

1. Microorganism scanner
   • Light sensitive bacteria express certain genes depending on specific light stimulus.
   • ‘Translating’ gene expressions into electrical signal allows computer to express the image on screen.
2. Microorganism key
   • Depending on temperature and pH, mutagen is formed, changing genetic structure.
   • Leads to various patterns.

A word of advice from 2010 Korea University iGEM team members

- Think again about the meaning of Synthetic Biology. Stick to this concept and try to come up with an idea.

- Come up with ideas that may potentially be useful and have a value as itself.

- Don’t be too held up with coming up with new ideas. You can always use existing ideas and be creative with them. Or, you can also try to prove that same result can be obtained through a different process.

                 -Simple detection is NOT original. Approach same subjects from different aspects.

4/29

Because our research topic is not yet decided, we divided the iGEM team into small groups to prepare for the upcoming iGEM competition.

1. Wiki
2. Sponsor
3. Brochure+poster+ppt
4. Tweeter
5. Experiment

We plan on visiting our advisor as either a group or as an individual to explain our presentation topic on the ppt. Then we plan on deciding on which ones to include in our final presentation. On Friday, we expect to have our research topic decided.

5/30

Group 1

Hydrocarbon absorption

-Because it is hydrophobic, it will not be difficult for it to diffuse through the membrane and the cell wall.

-Other teams for example: used AlnA ptn to increase alkane solubility.

-AlkB2 and ladA were used as transporters. We can try to knock-out those genes that enable microorganisms to degrade alcohol to keep the alcohol stored within them.

Suggestion 1) HAE1 gene, AcrAB genes are an option

Suggestion 2) Increasing absorption rate: increase metabolic rate to speed up the rate at which alkane is degraded.

Suggestion 3) Instead of looking for a suitable transporter, focus on increasing efficiency in synthesizing and extracting wax.

-Determine the types of enzymes in E.coli

-Study about alkane monooxygenase

-Using and synthesizing of wax

-Directly injecting substrate is meaningless. Find out if we can use various substrates.

-Acyl-CoA reductase(AcrM) is the key enzyme. -Increasing efficiency

-Overexpression of the gene AcrM

-Modification of inclusion body

Group 2

-Microorganism that synthesizes biosurfactants and degrades hydrocarbons

-Detection of soil contaminants. Because soil condition is difficult to determine through naked eyes, detection is important. (Removal of contaminant and thereby facilitating soil’s recovery)

-Absorbing the contaminant

-Surfactant expression: Green Fluorescent Protein; House-keeping gene expression: Red Fluorescent Protein

-Because many species of bacteria can synthesize biosurfactant, it may be possible to degrade various contaminants.

-Reason for TU Delft’s unsuccessful experiment: injecting too many genes all at once interferes with the regulation system, resulting in non-favorable results.

-Should we insert the genes all in one cell?

-Heterogeneous genes, if they are expressed at the same time, may cluster. Furthermore, the organism will not be able to sustain and survive a modification of its membrane.

-Facilitation mechanism: Utilization of TU Delft’s regulation system. Insertion of nitrogen fixation gene to bring about a more fertile soil. However, a downside to this method is that a plant must be nearby. Searching for a microorganism that is independent of plants may be an option.

-Nitrogen fixation is not easy. Hydrogenase is used in Nitrogen fixation, but its enzymatic activity is greatly diminished upon exposure to oxygen, thus decreasing efficiency.

Groups 1 and 2 should combine and study more about Delft.

We should not be satisfied with simple detection. We must proceed with it further.

Advisor will let us know of the possibilities of our experiment.

Find out why Delft used the genes they used.

Bioenergy production

-Substrate selection

-Fermentation by anaerobic bacteria of burnt waste matter from cities

-too big of a scale

-Wax seems to be the ideal substrate.

Group 3 Auto-inducible and auto-lytic system using quorum sensing -Quorum sensing gene: amplified with PCR(a PCR that increases rate of mutation) -addition of Magnesium ion to a PCR reactant mixture(error-prone condition) -As PCR proceeds, gene mutations occur and these genes are replicated. Affinity difference between inducer and promoter becomes clearer and the concentration at which transcription begins changes. By screening the replicated genes’ affinity, we can obtain a library, and by inserting a GFP gene near a promoter, degree of expression can be determined. Differentiate genes based on time of GFP expression, measure their affinity, and select desired bacterial species. -Test: Upon contacting the desired cell OD, is the target gene expressed? (Inducers differ in the concentrations they recognize.)

Basic tool: wax synthesis -Should the wax synthesis directed toward the cell interior, exterior, within the media? Directing it towards the surface of the media will be the most convenient method. Following synthesis, wax will float on the media which we simply will pick up. -Involvement of wax esterase and EtOH? The problem is, wax esterase is a dimer, making it difficult to display. On the other hand, making the microorganism secrete FA is too complex a task. We then came up with the idea of flipping the FA transporter. If that’s difficult, we can try storing and stacking wax as layers within the organism, or try producing alcohol. -Instead of supplying substrates manually, inducing the microorganism to synthesize its necessary compounds may be possible. In doing so, we should not interfere with the beta-oxidation pathway. Altering such crucial pathway may result in cell death. -Usage of Atfat: an option. (Important to note that the type of esterase used depends on whether target FAs are short or long)

-FA absorption mechanism

              -Anaerobic Acinetobacter growth rate is too slow. Desired quantities of products are not synthesized.
              -Acinetobacter transport components may be applied to E.coli. May be useful if possible.

       -Storing of wax within cytoplasm (Selected)

-MICRO-DIESEL

6/24

We listened to our advisor’s presentation on the scope of biofuel chemistry. We divided the members into groups again so that they have specific things to do during the summer break. C.C.P Group 1: Verification of E.coli K27 strain Group 2: Synthesis, codon optimization and expression tests of car and fac Group 3: Cloning method for tesA Group 4: Management of Wikipedia, poster, and fundraising

-There will be tasks for individual members such as reading dissertations and etc. -Due to our advisor’s personal matters, we decided to finish our experiment until late September. -We will have meetings on these days at 5 O’clock: 7/8, 7/22, 8/5, 8/19, 9/2

Things we’ve done so far: 0211 – First orientation 0214 – First meeting 0214~0304 – Studied biobricks, 2009, 2010 finalist posters; discussed our plans; formed several groups for more efficient brain-storming of ideas. 0304 – Final team member list confirmed 0318~0408 – Groups present their ideas and basic models; discussion on ideas presented and feedback 0429~0520 – Formed new groups for iGEM competition preparation; idea presentation, modification 0530 – Final idea presentation; experiment subject decided – biofuel 0624 – Advisor’s briefing on biofuel; each group assigned different tasks: verification of E.coli/ordering, registering of parts/SA cloning

7/8

Advisor’s presentation -Mechanism -Plans -Exp. 1

               -Preliminary researches (7.8~22)

-Cultivation and extraction of genomic DNA (~29) -PCR and cloning of target genes (~8.12) -Exp. 2 -Expression tests in E.coli(wt) and K27 strains (~19) -Activity tests for each target protein (~26) -Exp. 3 -Synthesis of hydrocarbon (~9.2) -Quantitative and qualitative analysis (~23) -Things needed to be ordered -vibrio harveyi; media check; KACC number check -Things needed to be done by individual members -Analyze trends of supporting data -Detection methods by TLC, GC, HPLC, and understand the mechanism -Understand reasons for codon optimization -Things needed to be done as a group -Group 1: Search for promoter and vector type -Group 2: Search for C14’s usage; cost, etc. -Group 3: Search for medium conditions