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| | <h1>Results</h1> | | <h1>Results</h1> |
| - | <h2>Base Rate Dispersal of <i>E.coli</i> Nissle 1917</h2>
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| - | <b>Method</b>
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| - | <p>As we were trying to specifically disperse areas of biofilm it was necessary to establish a base rate of dispersal of the biofilm without using any of the dispersal mechanisms we designed. This would allow us to show quantitativly the increase in rate of dispersal that our different dispersal biobrick could generate when compared to a biofilm of non-transformed bacteria.</p>
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| - | <p>To measure the base rate of dispersal glass slides were put into 50ml tubes containing 20ml of LB broth. The LB covered around a third of the glass slide, this is the area where the biofilm would form. The LB was then inoculated with 20μl of overnight culture of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. These tubes were then left on a bench top shaker at room temperature for a set amount of time (time points ranged from 1hr to 48hrs). After the biofilm had grown its alloted time the glass slide was carefully removed and placed into a fresh 50ml tube with 25ml of LB (which completely covered the biofilm) and left to allow the bacteria to disperse for 1hr. The slide was then transferred to a fresh 50ml tube with 25ml of LB. The biofilm is scraped off the slide using a thin flexible spatula. At this point both the dispersed cell and the biofilm scrapings were sonicated to stop clumping and plated in serial dilutions.</p>
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| - | <p> The time series was carried out with Nissle (details see lab books) the same way as detailed for <i>P. aeruginosa</i> above. It showed that on average 48% of the cells within a biofilm will disperse once the biofilm is transferred into fresh media. The percentage dispersed was expected to be inversely correlated to the size of the biofilm, because we expected a larger biofilm to have a higher affinity for the cells it holds. However, the data shows that the percentage dispersed is relatively constant, and varies between 30-60% dispersal. </p>
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| - | <div><img src="http://farm7.static.flickr.com/6164/6168708841_f4b9970e7c_z.jpg" alt="Graph of percentage dispersal from biofilm">
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| - | <p><font size="1" font color="grey"> Graph 1: The total percentage of cells dispersed when a biofilm is transferred into new media vs time in hours </font></p> </div>
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| - | <p> The data also showed that over time the amount of cells firmly within a biofilm increases at a similar rate to those that disperse and are not attached to the biofilm.</p>
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| - | <img src="http://farm7.static.flickr.com/6171/6169259636_24e606eb08_z.jpg" alt="Cell count of biofilm and planktonic cells vs time">
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| - | <p><font size="1" color="grey"> Graph 2: The estimated number of dispersed cells compared to the number of biofilm cells vs time in hours</font>
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| - | </p>
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| - | <p>View the full spreadsheet of <i>E.coli</i> Nissle 1917 dispersal <a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/65776929/Nissle-Spreadsheet" style="margin: 12px auto 6px auto; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none; display: block; text-decoration: underline;">here</a><iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" src="http://www.scribd.com/embeds/65776929/content?start_page=1&view_mode=list&access_key=key-11772wo0tyhfolzmirio" data-auto-height="true" data-aspect-ratio="1.04081632653061" scrolling="no" id="doc_20507" width="100%" height="600" frameborder="0"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">(function() { var scribd = document.createElement("script"); scribd.type = "text/javascript"; scribd.async = true; scribd.src = "http://www.scribd.com/javascripts/embed_code/inject.js"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(scribd, s); })();</script></p>
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| - | <p>We have successfully created chemically and electrically competent <i>E.coli</i> Nissle 1917, and transformed them with RFP for proof of principle - and because it enhances biofilm documentation, as can be seen in Picture 2 below.</p><p> Since Nissle have proven to be transformable, and have distinct biofilm-forming abilities we have made the cells available to the Registry as a novel chassis for use in further research and projects involving biofilms.</p>
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| - | <img src="http://farm7.static.flickr.com/6161/6168749805_72b6068728_m.jpg"/>
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| - | <p><font size="1" color="grey">Picture 1: RFP transformed <i>E.coli</i> Nissle overnight culture </font></p>
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| - | </td>
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| - | <img src="http://farm7.static.flickr.com/6179/6167447454_14246d184b_m.jpg"/>
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| - | <p><font size="1" color="grey"> Picture 2: A 24-hour biofilm of RFP <i>E.coli</i> Nissle </font></p>
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| - | </td>
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| - | <img src="http://farm7.static.flickr.com/6180/6168749811_6f05839649_m.jpg"/>
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| - | <p><font size="1" color="grey"> Picture 3: Streaked RFP transformed <i>E.coli</i> Nissle </font></p>
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| - | </td>
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| - | </table>
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| | </html> | | </html> |
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